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Key success factors and the impact of industry trends on the durability of competitive advantage among European low-cost carriers in the short-haul aviation market-empirical foundations: cost efficiency determinants and industry trends
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This study investigates the evolution and resilience of the low-cost carrier business model in the European short-haul market by applying a mixed-methods design that integrates ten expert interviews with a panel-data regression of eleven airlines from 2012 to 2024. The qualitative
component identifies six structural trend clusters shaping future competitiveness, while the quantitative analysis highlights fleet age, load factor and fuel price as primary drivers of unit cost performance. Combined with a comparative business model assessment and financial
benchmarking of Ryanair, Wizz Air and easyJet, the findings yield firm-specific strategic recommendations and managerial implications regarding long-term competitive advantage.
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European airline industry Low-cost carriers Ryanair Wizz air easyJet Mixed methods research Comparative analysis Business model evolution Hybrid business model Hybridisation Business model convergence Competitive advantage Industry trends Strategic implication