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Representações da Agência Feminina na Ficção de Julian Barnes
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Resumo(s)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a representação da agência e condição femininas nos romances Metroland (1980), Before She Met Me (1982), Staring at the Sun (1986), Talking it Over (1991), The Sense of an Ending (2011) e Elizabeth Finch (2022), de Julian Barnes, verificando de que modo o corpus selecionado ficciona, de forma realista, e questiona os constrangimentos que a sociedade patriarcal impõe quer às mulheres, quer também aos homens. Estudiosas como Judith Butler, Elaine Showalter, Naila Kabeer, Lois McNay, bell hooks e Kimberle Crenshaw, entre outras, analisaram quer a luta constante da mulher para conquistar cada vez mais agência no seio das suas comunidades, quer a forma como a mulher, apesar da evolução na sua condição de agente, vê a sua voz e atividade serem silenciadas. Utilizando conceitos sobretudo dos Gender Studies e dos Women’s Studies, nomeadamente os de agência feminina e empoderamento, sinónimo cada vez mais comum de capacitação, a nossa análise das obras de Julian Barnes abordará temas como os papéis sociais da mulher, feminilidade, (in)visibilidade da mulher e o seu poder informal, estabelecendo pontos de contacto entre os referidos romances do autor. Assim, pretende-se identificar não apenas as manifestações de resistência e afirmação das personagens, mas também as barreiras sociais, culturais e históricas que determinam e condicionam as suas ações e escolhas, revelando o conflito sentido pela mulher entre ceder às normas sociais para se integrar e evitar conflitos, e a luta para se libertar dessas imposições e afirmar a sua autonomia.
This thesis analyses both the representation of female agency and condition in the novels Metroland (1980), Before She Met Me (1982), Staring at the Sun (1986), Talking it Over (1991), The Sense of an Ending (2011) and Elizabeth Finch (2022), by Julian Barnes, and how the author’s writing realistically fictionalises and questions the constraints imposed on women and men by patriarchal society. Authors such as Judith Butler, Elaine Showalter, Naila Kabeer, Lois McNay, bell hooks and Kimberle Crenshaw, among others, have analysed women's constant struggle to conquer an increasing agency within their communities, as well as how women, despite the evolution in their status as agents, have seen their voices and activity silenced. Using concepts mainly from Gender Studies and Women’s Studies, especially those of female agency or empowerment, our analysis of Julian Barnes’ works will address themes such as women’s social roles, femininity, women’s (in)visibility and their informal power, establishing points of contact between the author’s novels. Thus, the aim of this work is to identify not only the manifestations of resistance and affirmation of the female characters, but also the social, cultural, and historical barriers that determine and constrain their actions and choices, revealing the conflict between conforming to social norms to fit in and avoid conflict, and the struggle to break free from these impositions to assert their autonomy.
This thesis analyses both the representation of female agency and condition in the novels Metroland (1980), Before She Met Me (1982), Staring at the Sun (1986), Talking it Over (1991), The Sense of an Ending (2011) and Elizabeth Finch (2022), by Julian Barnes, and how the author’s writing realistically fictionalises and questions the constraints imposed on women and men by patriarchal society. Authors such as Judith Butler, Elaine Showalter, Naila Kabeer, Lois McNay, bell hooks and Kimberle Crenshaw, among others, have analysed women's constant struggle to conquer an increasing agency within their communities, as well as how women, despite the evolution in their status as agents, have seen their voices and activity silenced. Using concepts mainly from Gender Studies and Women’s Studies, especially those of female agency or empowerment, our analysis of Julian Barnes’ works will address themes such as women’s social roles, femininity, women’s (in)visibility and their informal power, establishing points of contact between the author’s novels. Thus, the aim of this work is to identify not only the manifestations of resistance and affirmation of the female characters, but also the social, cultural, and historical barriers that determine and constrain their actions and choices, revealing the conflict between conforming to social norms to fit in and avoid conflict, and the struggle to break free from these impositions to assert their autonomy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Julian Barnes Romance Agência Feminina Empoderamento Poder informal Feminilidade Masculinidade Novel Female Agency Empowerment Informal Power Femininity Masculinity