A carregar...
Publicação
A União Europeia e Xi Jinping (2013-2023)
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.57 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A União Europeia e a China mantêm relações diplomáticas desde 1975 e um claro interesse mútuo em aprofundar a sua parceria multissectorial. Desde 1997, essa parceria tem sido fortalecida por Cimeiras anuais, que, por meio do diálogo, promovem o reforço de uma relação estratégica sino-europeia. A partir de 2012, com a ascensão de Xi Jinping a Secretário-Geral do Partido Comunista da China, e posteriormente líder da República Popular da China, a prioridade passou a ser a consolidação da sua influência na ordem internacional tendo o objetivo de assumir um papel dominante no cenário global.
Representado duas das três maiores potências económicas mundiais, a União Europeia e a China estabeleceram rapidamente fortes laços comerciais e tornaram-se parceiros económicos estratégicos. No entanto, as políticas adotadas por Pequim levaram a União Europeia, em 2019, através da sua Comissão, a redefinir a sua relação com a China, classificando-a simultaneamente como “um parceiro de cooperação e negociação”, “um rival económico” e um “adversário sistémico”.
Esta abordagem da Comissão, que foi adotada em junho de 2023, via Conselho Europeu no âmbito da estratégia de "de-risking" reflete uma mudança importante. Destarte, o objetivo desta dissertação é o de analisar a evolução da política europeia em relação à China durante a última década, e deste modo, compreender a adoção da estratégia de 2023, nomeadamente, através de uma análise dos domínios geopolíticos, comerciais e de direitos humanos.
Since 1975, the European Union and China have maintained diplomatic relations and a mutual interest in deepening their partnership in multilayered domains s This partnership has been strengthened by annual summits since 1997, which have promoted the reinforcement of a strategic EU-China relationship based on dialogue. In 2012, with Xi Jinping as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, and later leader of the People's Republic of China, the Chinse priority shifted to the consolidation of its influence in the international order, with the aim of assuming a dominant role on the global stage. Representing two of the world's three largest economic powers, the European Union and China quickly established strong commercial ties and became strategic economic partners. However, the policies adopted by Beijing led the European Union, through its Commission, to redefine its relationship with China, in 2019, labelling it simultaneously as “a cooperation partner and negotiating partner”, “an economic competitor” and a “systemic rival”. This approach by the Commission was then adopted by the European Council in June of 2023 within its “de-risking” strategy reflects an important change. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the development of European policy towards China over the last decade and thus to understand the implementation of the 2023 strategy by analysing the geopolitical, commercial and human rights’ domains.
Since 1975, the European Union and China have maintained diplomatic relations and a mutual interest in deepening their partnership in multilayered domains s This partnership has been strengthened by annual summits since 1997, which have promoted the reinforcement of a strategic EU-China relationship based on dialogue. In 2012, with Xi Jinping as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, and later leader of the People's Republic of China, the Chinse priority shifted to the consolidation of its influence in the international order, with the aim of assuming a dominant role on the global stage. Representing two of the world's three largest economic powers, the European Union and China quickly established strong commercial ties and became strategic economic partners. However, the policies adopted by Beijing led the European Union, through its Commission, to redefine its relationship with China, in 2019, labelling it simultaneously as “a cooperation partner and negotiating partner”, “an economic competitor” and a “systemic rival”. This approach by the Commission was then adopted by the European Council in June of 2023 within its “de-risking” strategy reflects an important change. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the development of European policy towards China over the last decade and thus to understand the implementation of the 2023 strategy by analysing the geopolitical, commercial and human rights’ domains.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
União Europeia República Popular da China Xi Jinping Relações sinoeuropeias De-risking Comissão Europeia European Union People's Republic of China European Commission