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Fracionamento e identificação de compostos e extratos de plantas medicinais da Guiné-Bissau com atividade biológica
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Nas últimas décadas, tem havido um grande interesse na utilização de plantas e dos seus princípios ativos no campo da medicina com a pesquisa de novos fármacos.
Neste trabalho foram testadas 22 plantas medicinais da Guiné-Bissau, com o objetivo de fracionar e identificar os extratos de plantas com atividade biológica (antibacteriana, antiparasitária e quimiopreventiva) contra microrganismos patogénicos.
O metanol foi utilizado principalmente como solvente de extração nas 22 plantas que deram origem a 29 amostras incluindo folhas, ramos, cascas e raízes. Além deste solvente de extração foram utilizados mais quatro solventes para fazer o fracionamento, nomeadamente, isopropanol, acetona, clorofórmio e éter nas 29 amostras de plantas. Estas amostras foram testadas em cinco microrganismos: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Toxoplasma gondii, de forma a determinar a existência de atividade antibacteriana e antiparasitária. Os extratos também foram testados sobre células Vero e 3T3, de modo a determinar a sua atividade citotóxica. A quantidade de polifenóis e a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos também foram estudados.
Os resultados obtidos foram analisados, avaliando-se quais os extratos das expécies de plantas que demonstravam atividade antibacteriana, anti-parasitária (anti-T. gondii) e quimiopreventiva.
Com este estudo, a principal observação foi que os extratos das espécies de plantas: Abrus precatorius, Diospyros heudelotii e Zanthoxylum leprieuri foram os que demonstraram atividade antibacteriana, atividade antiparasitária contra T. gondii, e boa atividade antioxidante, embora tenham apresentado toxicidade nas células VERO e 3T3 para as concentrações estudadas. Concluiu-se que, no futuro, estes extratos poderão ter forte potencial, para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos.
In the last decades, there has been a great interest in the use of plants and their active principles in the field of medicine with the research of new drugs. In this work, 22 medicinal plants from Guinea-Bissau were tested, with the objective of fractionating and identifying extracts of plants with biological activity (antibacterial, antiparasitic and chemopreventive) against pathogenic microorganisms. Methanol was used primarily as extraction solvent in the 22 plants that gave rise to 29 samples including leaves, branches, barks and roots. In addition to this extraction solvent, four other solvents to do the fractionation, namely isopropanol, acetone, chloroform and ether were used in the 29 plant samples. Their action was observed against five microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Toxoplasma gondii, in order to determine the existence of antibacterial and antiparasitic activity. The extracts were also tested on Vero and 3T3 cells in order to determine their cytotoxic activity. The amount of polyphenols and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts were also studied. The results obtained were analyzed, evaluating the extracts of the plant species that showed antibacterial, anti-parasitic (anti-T. gondii) and chemopreventive activity. In the present study, the extracts of the plant species Abrus precatorius, Diospyros heudelotii and Zanthoxylum leprieuri showed antibacterial activity, antiparasitic activity against T. gondii, and good antioxidant activity, although they showed toxicity in VERO and 3T3 cells for the concentrations studied. It was concluded that in the future these extracts may have a strong potential for the development of new drugs.
In the last decades, there has been a great interest in the use of plants and their active principles in the field of medicine with the research of new drugs. In this work, 22 medicinal plants from Guinea-Bissau were tested, with the objective of fractionating and identifying extracts of plants with biological activity (antibacterial, antiparasitic and chemopreventive) against pathogenic microorganisms. Methanol was used primarily as extraction solvent in the 22 plants that gave rise to 29 samples including leaves, branches, barks and roots. In addition to this extraction solvent, four other solvents to do the fractionation, namely isopropanol, acetone, chloroform and ether were used in the 29 plant samples. Their action was observed against five microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Toxoplasma gondii, in order to determine the existence of antibacterial and antiparasitic activity. The extracts were also tested on Vero and 3T3 cells in order to determine their cytotoxic activity. The amount of polyphenols and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts were also studied. The results obtained were analyzed, evaluating the extracts of the plant species that showed antibacterial, anti-parasitic (anti-T. gondii) and chemopreventive activity. In the present study, the extracts of the plant species Abrus precatorius, Diospyros heudelotii and Zanthoxylum leprieuri showed antibacterial activity, antiparasitic activity against T. gondii, and good antioxidant activity, although they showed toxicity in VERO and 3T3 cells for the concentrations studied. It was concluded that in the future these extracts may have a strong potential for the development of new drugs.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parasitologia médica Extrato de plantas medicinais Bactérias Toxoplasma gondii Metanol Plantas medicinais da Guiné-Bissau Guiné Bissau
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical