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O emprego da geointeligência como ferramenta para aprimorar a análise do terreno no planejamento de operações militares do exército brasileiro
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O conhecimento do terreno é considerado imprescindível ao planejamento militar desde tempos remotos. Dentro deste contexto, durante a primeira metade do século XX, foram desenvolvidas técnicas e doutrinas, para a aquisição de informações sobre terreno, que continuam sendo aplicadas até hoje pelo Exército Brasileiro. Uma dessas técnicas é a criação do Calco de Restrição do Movimento, ferramenta de suporte à decisão para manobras de tropas motorizadas por meio da análise e integração de diversos tipos de dados geoespaciais. Entretanto, a criação desse calco tradicionalmente é realizada de forma manual e analógica, o que leva a falhas de operador e a um tempo de produção por vezes inadequado diante da dinâmica de uma operação militar. De forma a mitigar esses problemas, este estudo analisa o uso de aplicativos e técnicas de SIG para automatizar algumas atividades da produção dos calcos, e sistematizar essa produção de forma digital. Por meio do modelo gerado, pretende-se mostrar como as atuais tecnologias podem contribuir para a melhoria da doutrina de execução do planejamento militar vigente, aumentando a rapidez e eficiência na interpretação visual do terreno, em relação as possibilidades e limitações do movimento no Campo de Batalha. Este estudo é concluído expondo as vantagens da criação de modelos de declividade digital com sua visualização em três dimensões que, somados ao raciocínio e tradecraft do especialista em Geointeligência, apresentam-se como fomentadores de mudanças nas práticas vigentes do estudo do terreno, rumo a uma digitalização do Campo de Batalha cada vez mais precisa e eficiente. Por fim, apresenta-se a importância de prosseguir com os estudos e desenvolvimento de novas práticas nesta área, por parte do Exército Brasileiro.
Knowledge of the terrain has been considered essential to military planning since ancient times. Within this context, during the first half of the 20th century, techniques and doctrines were developed for the acquisition of information on terrain, which continue to be applied today by the Brazilian Army. One of these techniques is the creation of the Movement Restriction Calco, a decision support tool for maneuvering of motorized troops through the analysis and integration of several types of geospatial data. However, the creation of this calco is traditionally carried out manually, which leads to operator failures and production times that are sometimes inadequate in view of the dynamics of a military operation. In order to mitigate these problems, this study analyzes the use of GIS applications and techniques to automate some activities of shoe production, and to systematize this production digitally. Through the generated model, it is intended to show how current technologies can contribute to the improvement of the current military planning execution doctrine, increasing the speed and efficiency in the visual interpretation of the terrain, in relation to the possibilities and limitations of the movement in the Campo de Battle. This study concludes by exposing the advantages of creating models of digital versus analog slope, as well as the advantages of visualization in three dimensions, which added to the reasoning and tradecraft of the specialist in Geointeligence, present themselves as drivers of changes in current practices of the military planning, in the sense of an increasingly accurate and efficient digitalization of the Battlefield, with direct effects on the execution of Military Operations. Finally, the importance of continuing with the studies and development of new practices in this area, by the Brazilian Army.
Knowledge of the terrain has been considered essential to military planning since ancient times. Within this context, during the first half of the 20th century, techniques and doctrines were developed for the acquisition of information on terrain, which continue to be applied today by the Brazilian Army. One of these techniques is the creation of the Movement Restriction Calco, a decision support tool for maneuvering of motorized troops through the analysis and integration of several types of geospatial data. However, the creation of this calco is traditionally carried out manually, which leads to operator failures and production times that are sometimes inadequate in view of the dynamics of a military operation. In order to mitigate these problems, this study analyzes the use of GIS applications and techniques to automate some activities of shoe production, and to systematize this production digitally. Through the generated model, it is intended to show how current technologies can contribute to the improvement of the current military planning execution doctrine, increasing the speed and efficiency in the visual interpretation of the terrain, in relation to the possibilities and limitations of the movement in the Campo de Battle. This study concludes by exposing the advantages of creating models of digital versus analog slope, as well as the advantages of visualization in three dimensions, which added to the reasoning and tradecraft of the specialist in Geointeligence, present themselves as drivers of changes in current practices of the military planning, in the sense of an increasingly accurate and efficient digitalization of the Battlefield, with direct effects on the execution of Military Operations. Finally, the importance of continuing with the studies and development of new practices in this area, by the Brazilian Army.
Descrição
Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Geographic Information Systems and Science
Palavras-chave
Sistemas de Informação Geográfica Geointeligência Inteligência Militar Modelo Digital de Elevação Planejamento Militar Movement restriction shoe Geointelligence Military Intelligence