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A efetividade das estratégias de prevenção da obesidade infantil : estudo de caso no concelho de Faro
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Resumo(s)
RESUMO - A obesidade é um problema de saúde pública com dimensões alarmantes, motivo pelo qual foi classificada como uma das principais epidemias do século XXI. Estudos recentes demonstram que a prevalência da obesidade tem vindo a aumentar, sendo Portugal um dos países onde as taxas de prevalência são mais elevadas. No caso da obesidade infantil a situação também é muito preocupante. As crianças com excesso de peso ou obesas têm um risco acrescido de se tornarem adultos com doenças crónicas pelo que importa, desde cedo, desenvolver estratégias que permitam promover estilos de vida saudáveis e prevenir as várias doenças associadas.
O desenvolvimento de intervenções durante a infância é considerado como uma das mais promissoras estratégias para a redução do excesso de peso e obesidade. Por outro lado, a escola é considerada como um dos locais mais atrativos e populares para se desenvolverem esses programas.
Com este estudo pretendeu-se avaliar a intervenção realizada no concelho de Faro e verificar a sua efetividade no cumprimento dos objetivos definidos.
A intervenção realizada em Faro, durante os anos letivos de 2007/2008 a 2010/2011, a 857 alunos do ensino básico, com idades compreendidas entre os 6 e os 10 anos de idade, teve como objetivos: avaliar e estabilizar a prevalência da obesidade infantil nas escolas do ensino básico do concelho de Faro, no ano letivo de 2007/2008; avaliar a evolução da prevalência da obesidade infantil durante os anos letivos de 2007/2008 a 2010/2011; e desenvolver estratégias para a promoção, em meio escolar, de uma alimentação mais saudável durante a intervenção.
Os resultados levam-nos a concluir que a prevalência do excesso de peso e obesidade (15,2% e 10,5%, respetivamente) continua a níveis muito preocupantes nas crianças, tendo as raparigas apresentado uma prevalência maior do que os rapazes. A avaliação dos alunos, acompanhados prospetivamente ao longo dos primeiros 3 anos de intervenção, demonstrou uma diminuição da prevalência da obesidade de 9,6% no ano inicial para 8,3% no 3.º ano, e uma subida da taxa de prevalência do excesso de peso de 12,9% para 21,0%.
A avaliação deste tipo de intervenções, apesar de difícil realização, é importante para que se possam definir novas estratégias, novas metodologias e novos caminhos para combater a obesidade infantil.
ABSTRACT - Obesity is a public health problem with alarming dimensions, reason why it was classified as one of the main epidemics of the 21st century. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of obesity has been increasing, and Portugal is one of the countries where the prevalence rates are higher. The situation of childhood obesity is also very worrying. Children who are overweight or obese have a greater risk of becoming adults with chronic diseases and it is important, from early on, to develop strategies to promote healthy lifestyles and to prevent the various associated diseases. The development of interventions during the childhood is considered as one of the most promising strategies for the reduction of overweight and obesity. On the other hand, the school is considered as one of the most attractive and popular settings to develop these programs. With this study it was intended to evaluate the intervention carried through in the municipality of Faro and to verify its effectiveness in the fulfillment of the objectives. The intervention performed in Faro during the school years of 2007/2008 to 2010/2011, have included 857 children, aged from 6 to 10 years old, and aimed to: evaluate and stabilize the prevalence of obesity in primary schools in the municipality of Faro, in the 2007/2008 school year; monitor the evolution of the prevalence of childhood obesity during the school years of 2007/2008 to 2010/2011; and develop strategies to promote healthier diet during the intervention. The results lead us to conclude that the prevalence of overweight and obesity (15,2% and 10%, respectively) is still in very disturbing levels in children, with girls presenting a higher prevalence than boys. The students accompanied prospectively over the 3 years of intervention showed a decrease in prevalence of obesity from 9.6% in the initial year to 8.3% in the third year, and a rise in the prevalence of overweight from 12.9% to 21.0%. The evaluation of such interventions, although difficult to achieve, is important to define new strategies, new methodologies and new ways to combat the childhood obesity.
ABSTRACT - Obesity is a public health problem with alarming dimensions, reason why it was classified as one of the main epidemics of the 21st century. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of obesity has been increasing, and Portugal is one of the countries where the prevalence rates are higher. The situation of childhood obesity is also very worrying. Children who are overweight or obese have a greater risk of becoming adults with chronic diseases and it is important, from early on, to develop strategies to promote healthy lifestyles and to prevent the various associated diseases. The development of interventions during the childhood is considered as one of the most promising strategies for the reduction of overweight and obesity. On the other hand, the school is considered as one of the most attractive and popular settings to develop these programs. With this study it was intended to evaluate the intervention carried through in the municipality of Faro and to verify its effectiveness in the fulfillment of the objectives. The intervention performed in Faro during the school years of 2007/2008 to 2010/2011, have included 857 children, aged from 6 to 10 years old, and aimed to: evaluate and stabilize the prevalence of obesity in primary schools in the municipality of Faro, in the 2007/2008 school year; monitor the evolution of the prevalence of childhood obesity during the school years of 2007/2008 to 2010/2011; and develop strategies to promote healthier diet during the intervention. The results lead us to conclude that the prevalence of overweight and obesity (15,2% and 10%, respectively) is still in very disturbing levels in children, with girls presenting a higher prevalence than boys. The students accompanied prospectively over the 3 years of intervention showed a decrease in prevalence of obesity from 9.6% in the initial year to 8.3% in the third year, and a rise in the prevalence of overweight from 12.9% to 21.0%. The evaluation of such interventions, although difficult to achieve, is important to define new strategies, new methodologies and new ways to combat the childhood obesity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
obesidade infantil programas de intervenção efetividade escolas childhood obesity prevention programs effectiveness schools
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública