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The Human in the loop in Cyber-Physical Systems: the case of Building Automation
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Context: The world is facing environmental challenges due to carbon dioxide emissions.
Building energy consumption accounts for thirty to forty-five per cent of global energy
consumption. Changing these figures is imperative for achieving environmental sustainability.
Building Automation Systems (BAS) can be considered a type of Cyber-Physical
Systems (CPS) that have the objective of increasing energy efficiency while maximising
human comfort.
Problem: Automated systems usually do not consider human e↵ective participation
as a tool that can be used to achieve the system’s goals
Solution: Humans can assume several roles in the available building automation
control loops. Building operators determine operating rules; building users can be the
source of data used for automated decisions and also the system may require their actions
to change the building environment. Gains or losses can be introduced in a BAS operation
if humans are considered components of the system. To the best of our knowledge, no
studies can be found that show evident gains or losses of integrating the human-in-theloop
in system design. To assess the impact of having humans performing clear and
predefined roles in a BAS Cyber-Physical System (CPS) operation, we implemented a BAS
case study.
Results: The initial results show that when the BAS consider humans more than
CPS plant’s elements, the BAS is more energy efficient while providing conditions that
promote the user’s health and productivity. With the experience gained with this work it
will be possible to build in the future more resilient and e↵ective participatory BAS.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cyber Physical Systems Building Automation Systems Human-in-the-loop Internet of Things