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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
RESUMO - As organizações de saúde do Séc. XXI deverão ter como objetivo estratégico assumir a responsabilidade pela melhoria contínua da qualidade e da segurança dos cuidados prestados ao cidadão e ao doente, promovendo uma cuidadosa conceção do sistema de cuidados. Para ter sucesso nesta missão são necessárias mudanças ao nível individual do profissional, das equipas, das organizações e do sistema de saúde na sua totalidade.
Em Portugal as questões da melhoria da qualidade têm sido amplamente debatidas. Melhorar a qualidade na saúde implica o conhecimento e reflexão sobre a natureza do sistema complexo que a enquadra e também sobre as suas imperfeições e riscos, de modo a identificá-los e desenvolver ações com vista à sua prevenção, redução, e minimização do seu impacto - Gestão do Risco - criando e reforçando uma cultura de segurança robusta. Nalgumas unidades de saúde estes processos têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos e dinamizados, noutras encontram-se ainda em fase de planeamento.
Neste sentido, tornou-se pertinente a construção de um questionário que permita a caracterização das estruturas e práticas de avaliação e gestão do risco nos hospitais em Portugal. A construção do instrumento foi realizada em três fases: (i) pesquisa, recolha e análise bibliográfica para fundamentação das questões e estrutura do questionário, (ii) realização de pré teste ou teste informal para validação de conteúdo quanto à clareza e pertinência e (iii) realização de teste piloto para validação da confiabilidade/especificidade.
O teste piloto foi aplicado com sucesso e os resultados obtidos parecem-nos promissores, na medida em que os resultados demostraram que é possível obter conhecimento sobre alguns dos aspetos que permitem caraterizar as estruturas e politicas de gestão do risco em hospitais. Sugere-se a sua aplicação, em estudos futuros, a todos os hospitais e centros hospitalares do serviço nacional de saúde em Portugal, para que dessa forma seja possível uma descrição da realidade das estruturas, políticas e práticas da avaliação e gestão do risco.
ABSTRACT - The 21st century health organizations should have the strategic objective of taking responsibility for the continuous improvement of the quality and safety of care provided to the citizen and the patient by promoting a careful design of the care system. Success in this mission requires changes at the individual level of the professional, teams, organizations and the health system as a whole. In Portugal the issues of quality improvement have been widely debated. Improving quality in health implies knowledge and reflection on the nature of the complex system that surrounds it, as well as its imperfections and risks, in order to identify them and develop actions to prevent, reduce and minimize their impact - Risk Management - creating and reinforcing a robust security culture. In some health units these processes have been developed and streamlined, in others they are still in the planning phase. In this sense, it became pertinent to develop a questionnaire that would allow the characterization of risk assessment and risk management structures and practices in Portuguese hospitals. The development of the instrument was carried out in three phases: (i) research, collection and bibliographic analysis to substantiate the questions and structure of the questionnaire, (ii) pre-test or informal test to validate content for clarity and relevance and (iii) pilot test to validate reliability / specificity. The pilot test has been successfully applied and the results seem promising, as they show that it is possible to learn/assess some of the aspects that allow characterizing risk management structures and policies in hospitals. We suggest the instrument application in future studies to all hospitals and hospital centers of the National Health Service in Portugal, in order to be enable to describe the reality of risk assessment and management structures, policies and practices.
ABSTRACT - The 21st century health organizations should have the strategic objective of taking responsibility for the continuous improvement of the quality and safety of care provided to the citizen and the patient by promoting a careful design of the care system. Success in this mission requires changes at the individual level of the professional, teams, organizations and the health system as a whole. In Portugal the issues of quality improvement have been widely debated. Improving quality in health implies knowledge and reflection on the nature of the complex system that surrounds it, as well as its imperfections and risks, in order to identify them and develop actions to prevent, reduce and minimize their impact - Risk Management - creating and reinforcing a robust security culture. In some health units these processes have been developed and streamlined, in others they are still in the planning phase. In this sense, it became pertinent to develop a questionnaire that would allow the characterization of risk assessment and risk management structures and practices in Portuguese hospitals. The development of the instrument was carried out in three phases: (i) research, collection and bibliographic analysis to substantiate the questions and structure of the questionnaire, (ii) pre-test or informal test to validate content for clarity and relevance and (iii) pilot test to validate reliability / specificity. The pilot test has been successfully applied and the results seem promising, as they show that it is possible to learn/assess some of the aspects that allow characterizing risk management structures and policies in hospitals. We suggest the instrument application in future studies to all hospitals and hospital centers of the National Health Service in Portugal, in order to be enable to describe the reality of risk assessment and management structures, policies and practices.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Qualidade em Saúde Segurança do doente Organizações de Elevada Fiabilidade Gestão do Risco Healthcare quality Patient Safety High Reliable Organizations Risk Management
