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Desigualdades socioeconómicas na distribuição da prevalência de anemia em Portugal em 2015
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RESUMO - Introdução: A anemia constitui um problema global de saúde pública, com significativas
consequências adversas para a saúde e impacto negativo no desenvolvimento social e
económico. Pretende-se com este estudo estimar a prevalência da anemia na
população portuguesa de acordo com o nível socioeconómico e identificar fatores de
risco.
Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal exploratório-descritivo utilizando
dados do I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico (INSEF 2015), baseado
numa amostra representativa de 4911 adultos residentes em Portugal com idades entre
os 25 e 74 anos em 2015. Foi estimada a prevalência total de anemia e estratificada por
variáveis de caracterização física, cultural e socioeconómica. A análise das
desigualdades socioeconómicas e fatores de risco foi realizada através da estimativa de
odds ratio com um intervalo de confiança de 95%.
Resultados: A prevalência geral de anemia foi de 5,5% (IC95%: 4,7; 6,4). A anemia foi
mais prevalente nas mulheres do que nos homens (7,8% vs. 3,1%), entre os
participantes sem atividade profissional e com comorbidades crónicas. Foi identificado
como fator de risco importante para a população feminina pertencer ao grupo etário
entre os 35 e os 54 anos. Os fatores de risco para a população masculina incluem
pertencer ao grupo etário entre os 65 e os 74 anos, sofrer de cancro e insuficiência renal
crónica.
Discussão e Conclusão: Embora a prevalência de anemia seja mais elevada em
grupos socioeconomicamente mais desfavorecidos, a análise da associação entre os
determinantes socioeconómicos e a prevalência de anemia não nos permite identificar
os mesmos como fatores preditores da anemia. Estes resultados podem contribuir para
o desenvolvimento ou manutenção de políticas e programas direcionados para reduzir
as desigualdades em educação, rendimento e acesso aos serviços.
ABSTRACT - Background: Anemia is a global public health problem with significant adverse health consequences and a negative impact on social and economic development. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia in the Portuguese population according to the socioeconomic level and to identify risk factors. Methods: An exploratory-descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using data from the 1st National Health Examination Survey (INSEF 2015), based on a representative sample of 4911 adults living in Portugal aged between 25 and 74 years old, in 2015. The total prevalence of anemia was estimated and stratified by variables of physical, cultural and socioeconomic characterization. Analysis of socioeconomic inequalities and risk factors was performed by estimating odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 5.5% (95% CI: 4.7, 6.4). Anemia was more prevalent in women than in men (7.8% vs. 3.1%), among participants without professional activity and with chronic comorbidities. It was identified as an important risk factor for the female population belonging to the age group between 35 and 54 years. Risk factors for the male population include being in the age group between 65 and 74 years old, suffering from cancer and chronic kidney failure. Discussion and conclusions: Although the prevalence of anemia was higher in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, the analysis of association between socioeconomic determinants and the prevalence of anemia does not allow us to identify them as predictors of anemia. These results can contribute to the development or maintenance of policies and programs aimed at reducing inequalities in education, income and access to services.
ABSTRACT - Background: Anemia is a global public health problem with significant adverse health consequences and a negative impact on social and economic development. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia in the Portuguese population according to the socioeconomic level and to identify risk factors. Methods: An exploratory-descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using data from the 1st National Health Examination Survey (INSEF 2015), based on a representative sample of 4911 adults living in Portugal aged between 25 and 74 years old, in 2015. The total prevalence of anemia was estimated and stratified by variables of physical, cultural and socioeconomic characterization. Analysis of socioeconomic inequalities and risk factors was performed by estimating odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 5.5% (95% CI: 4.7, 6.4). Anemia was more prevalent in women than in men (7.8% vs. 3.1%), among participants without professional activity and with chronic comorbidities. It was identified as an important risk factor for the female population belonging to the age group between 35 and 54 years. Risk factors for the male population include being in the age group between 65 and 74 years old, suffering from cancer and chronic kidney failure. Discussion and conclusions: Although the prevalence of anemia was higher in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, the analysis of association between socioeconomic determinants and the prevalence of anemia does not allow us to identify them as predictors of anemia. These results can contribute to the development or maintenance of policies and programs aimed at reducing inequalities in education, income and access to services.
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Palavras-chave
NSIEF Anemia Desigualdades Socioeconómicas Prevalência Portugal INSEF Socioeconomic Inequalities Prevalence