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O efeito das queimadas num cenário de alterações climáticas : A perceção dos agricultores nos assentamentos rurais na amazónia Legal - assentamentos São Jorge, Itacira e Pontal
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O trabalho desta tese consistiu analisar o efeito das queimadas e a perceção dos agricultores que usam fogo como ferramenta de produção no cenário de alterações climáticas, para isto, foi realizada análise qualitativa descritiva, utilizando pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e o método Survey, através do corte transversal (cross-sectional) com amostragem não probabilística por julgamento. A área de interesse do estudo foi a Amazónia Legal, com agricultores que moram em assentamentos rurais. Com isso, para a escolha seguiu-se o conceito mais abrangente de lugar como tendo três unidades analíticas: localização, atividades e compartilhamento culturais. Os inquéritos foram aplicados nos assentamentos rurais São Jorge e Itacira no Estado do Maranhão e Pontal no Estado do Tocantins, durante o ano de 2017. Após análise dos inquéritos foi elaborada uma matriz com os pontos fortes, fracos, as ameaças e as oportunidades. Em seguida, com o intuito de atingir um público maior e promover uma agricultura de baixa emissão de GEEs, foram elaboradas medidas de prevenção e alternativas ao uso do fogo na agricultura em geral, voltadas para a realidade dos assentamentos rurais, empregando para tal novas abordagens científicas. Após a investigação realizada com as comunidades dos assentamentos rurais da Amazónia Legal, considera-se que os parâmetros a serem alvos de políticas públicas educacionais e gestão ambiental eficiente são: a redução do desflorestamento e da fragmentação de habitats, a redução no uso do fogo, o acesso a novas tecnologias agrícolas, entre outras, o controle de espécies invasoras e a melhoria na prevenção de doenças como medidas urgentes, para que os agricultores possam enfrentar o desafio das alterações climáticas.
The work of this dissertation consisted in analyzing the effect of wildfires and the perception of the farmers that use fire as a production tool in the scenery of climatic changes. To this end, we conducted a qualitative analysis using bibliographic and document analyses and the Survey method, applying a cross-sectional cut with non-probabilistic samples by trial. The interest area was the Legal Amazon, with farmers that live in rural settlements. We used the most encompassing concept of location considering three analytical units: location, activities, and crop sharing. The inquiries were applied at the rural settlements of São Jorge and Itacira, in the state of Maranhão, and Pontal, in Tocantins, both in Brazil, during 2017. After analyzing the inquiries, we elaborated a matrix with the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities. Subsequently, to reach a larger public and promote an agriculture with lower greenhouse gas emissions, we devised prevention measures and alternatives to the use of fire in agriculture in general using scientific approaches directed at the reality of rural settlements. After the investigation conducted with the rural settlements of the Legal Amazon, we considered that the parameters to be targeted by educational and environmental management public policies are: the reduction of deforestation and habitat fragmentation; the reduction of fire use; the access to new farming technologies, among others; the control of invading species; and the improvement of disease prevention as urgent measures for the farmers to face the challenge of climatic changes
The work of this dissertation consisted in analyzing the effect of wildfires and the perception of the farmers that use fire as a production tool in the scenery of climatic changes. To this end, we conducted a qualitative analysis using bibliographic and document analyses and the Survey method, applying a cross-sectional cut with non-probabilistic samples by trial. The interest area was the Legal Amazon, with farmers that live in rural settlements. We used the most encompassing concept of location considering three analytical units: location, activities, and crop sharing. The inquiries were applied at the rural settlements of São Jorge and Itacira, in the state of Maranhão, and Pontal, in Tocantins, both in Brazil, during 2017. After analyzing the inquiries, we elaborated a matrix with the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities. Subsequently, to reach a larger public and promote an agriculture with lower greenhouse gas emissions, we devised prevention measures and alternatives to the use of fire in agriculture in general using scientific approaches directed at the reality of rural settlements. After the investigation conducted with the rural settlements of the Legal Amazon, we considered that the parameters to be targeted by educational and environmental management public policies are: the reduction of deforestation and habitat fragmentation; the reduction of fire use; the access to new farming technologies, among others; the control of invading species; and the improvement of disease prevention as urgent measures for the farmers to face the challenge of climatic changes
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Queimadas Alterações Climáticas Assentamento rural Agricultores Rural settlement Wildfires Climatic changes Farmers