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Computational Neurostimulation: Characterization of electromagnetic fields during Spinal Cord Magnetic Stimulation
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Spinal Cord Magnetic Stimulation is able to change excitability and remodulate the spinal neuronal networks after Spinal Cord Injury. Clinical assessments allow the study of the changes in synaptic efficacy and behaviour after intervention. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underneath recovery are not fully understood. Computational modelling of neurostimulation has been revealed as an important tool to predict the interaction of electromagnetic fields with the biological tissues. Thus, this study is a proof of concept for the use of computational methods to understand the mechanisms of Magnetic Stimulation on the Spinal cord level. The main goal is to calculate the distribution and magnitude of the electric field and electric current density inside the human body during stimulation, both of which were calculated through numerical methods. First, the stimulation devices were modulated and compared with the properties of reference given by the manufacturer. Later, Magnetic Stimulation was studied using a simple model based on the lumbar part of a realistic human model and, finally, in a realistic human model. The results show that the low frequency solver used to solve the electromagnetic problem is in agreement with the basic principles of Magnetic Stimulation. The simulations with the simplistic human model showed that the 8-Figure coil might allow a more focused but less deep stimulation than the Circular coil. Additionally, the use of different electric conductivities led to different electric current density’s magnitude. Magnetic Stimulation in a realistic human model allowed us to see the electric field and electric current density inside the body. The results show that the complexity of the human body and the dielectric properties of biological tissues determine the field distribution inside the body. Further studies are required in order to predict the stimulation of the neuronal circuitry in the spinal cord.
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Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Cord Magnetic Stimulation Neurostimulation Computational modelling Electromagnetism