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O nacionalismo na legitimação do estado democrático ocidental - o estudo de caso do Bloco de Esquerda
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O presente trabalho de projecto propõe investigar os processos de reprodução quotidiana do estado nacional a partir da premissa teórica do nacionalismo banal (Billig, 1995), tomando o contexto democrático português. Considerando o nacionalismo como uma ideologia endémica ao estado moderno, todavia frequentemente ignorado como tal, e portanto naturalizado, procuramos reflectir sobre as formas contemporâneas que o fenómeno assume na produção e reprodução de sujeitos nacionais. Para tal, debruçamo-nos sobre as especificidades do campo político português por via da Assembleia da República Portuguesa enquanto terreno de investigação, tendo em conta a disputa pela legitimidade de representação que enforma as tomadas de posição política nesse espaço. Investiga-se a preponderância que aí tomam as categorias do estado nacional – povo, cidadão e nação -, tendo em conta os usos discursivos a que se submetem para a negociação e renegociação das características político-culturais da comunidade imaginada (cf. Anderson) do estado nacional. Fá-lo-emos a partir de um conjunto díspar de reuniões plenárias, que dizem respeito a uma dimensão quotidiana da vida parlamentar bem como a uma dimensão excepcional, averiguando-se, nas várias vozes, que contornos enformam a disputa política para a representação legítima das vontades e interesses do colectivo nacional. Tomamos o Bloco de Esquerda (B.E.) enquanto foco de análise, a partir de um olhar demorado sobre um período de dezasseis anos (1999-2015) de actividade parlamentar do partido. Procura-se pensar a relação entre nacionalismo, democracia e estado nacional a partir do par discreto esquerda/nacionalismo. Constituindo-se o espaço parlamentar como campo de uma disputa política pela legitimidade da representação do colectivo, averiguamos como se posiciona o B.E. nesse contexto, tendo em conta a abordagem do partido às categorias do estado nacional. Firmando-se o discurso bloquista como o eixo da presente investigação, é por via das linhas de força que o perpassam que indagamos as relações que se tecem entre uma abordagem específica ao estado democrático e os processos de reprodução do nacionalismo banal. Tendo em conta o período balizado, dividimos a análise e reflexão do discurso bloquista em dois momentos – a resposta à crise económica que se seguiu a 2008 e os primeiros anos de actividade parlamentar do B.E. considerando o imaginário político da viragem de século.
This project work aims to investigate everyday reproduction processes of the national state based on the theoretical premise of banal nationalism (Billig, 1995), taking the Portuguese democratic context as reference. Considering nationalism as an ideology endemic to the modern state, however frequently ignored as such, hence naturalized, we seek to reflect upon the contemporary forms this phenomenon takes on the production and reproduction of national subjects. To this end, we enquire into the particularities of the Portuguese political field using the parliament as research ground, taking into account the dispute over legitimacy of representation that shapes political statements in that space. We investigate the importance of the national state categories – people, citizen, and nation – in that context, taking into consideration the discursive uses they are subject to in negotiating and renegotiating the political-cultural characteristics of the national state's imagined community (cf. Anderson). We will do so according to a disparate set of plenary sessions that concern a day-to-day dimension of parliamentary life, as well as an exceptional dimension, while ascertaining, in the various perspectives, the shapes that form the political dispute over the legitimate representation of the will and interests of the national community. Our analysis focuses on Bloco de Esquerda (B.E.), with an attentive look over a sixteen-year period (1999-2015) of the party's parliamentary activity. We intend to contemplate the relation between nationalism, democracy, and national state, in regard to the subtle pair left/nationalism. While establishing the parliamentary space as a field for political dispute over legitimate representation of the community, we look into B.E.'s stand, in that setting, considering the party's approach to the categories of the national state. B.E.'s discourse comprises the course of this research, and the guidelines that traverse it lead us to question the relations woven between a specific approach to the democratic state and the reproduction processes of banal nationalism. Given the timeframe, we divided the analysis and reflection of B.E.'s discourse in two moments – the response to the economic crisis that followed after 2008, and the first years of B.E.'s parliamentary activity, covering the political scenario at the turn of the century.
This project work aims to investigate everyday reproduction processes of the national state based on the theoretical premise of banal nationalism (Billig, 1995), taking the Portuguese democratic context as reference. Considering nationalism as an ideology endemic to the modern state, however frequently ignored as such, hence naturalized, we seek to reflect upon the contemporary forms this phenomenon takes on the production and reproduction of national subjects. To this end, we enquire into the particularities of the Portuguese political field using the parliament as research ground, taking into account the dispute over legitimacy of representation that shapes political statements in that space. We investigate the importance of the national state categories – people, citizen, and nation – in that context, taking into consideration the discursive uses they are subject to in negotiating and renegotiating the political-cultural characteristics of the national state's imagined community (cf. Anderson). We will do so according to a disparate set of plenary sessions that concern a day-to-day dimension of parliamentary life, as well as an exceptional dimension, while ascertaining, in the various perspectives, the shapes that form the political dispute over the legitimate representation of the will and interests of the national community. Our analysis focuses on Bloco de Esquerda (B.E.), with an attentive look over a sixteen-year period (1999-2015) of the party's parliamentary activity. We intend to contemplate the relation between nationalism, democracy, and national state, in regard to the subtle pair left/nationalism. While establishing the parliamentary space as a field for political dispute over legitimate representation of the community, we look into B.E.'s stand, in that setting, considering the party's approach to the categories of the national state. B.E.'s discourse comprises the course of this research, and the guidelines that traverse it lead us to question the relations woven between a specific approach to the democratic state and the reproduction processes of banal nationalism. Given the timeframe, we divided the analysis and reflection of B.E.'s discourse in two moments – the response to the economic crisis that followed after 2008, and the first years of B.E.'s parliamentary activity, covering the political scenario at the turn of the century.
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Bloco de Esquerda Nacionalismo Democracia Bloco de Esquerda Estado nacional Identidade Nacional Nationalism Democracy National state National identity