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- Exploration des avantages et des inconvénients du plurilinguisme chez les apprenants: propositions de pratiques en classePublication . Churkina, Larisa; Dechamps, Christina; Tyne, Henry; Buscail, LaurieCette recherche porte sur le phénomène du plurilinguisme qui devient de plus en plus étudié dans le milieu académique. Elle examinera les avantages et les désavantages pour un apprenant qui est déjá ou bientôt plurilingue. L'Interférence linguistique et l'un des inconvénients plus visibles, donc ce projet essaiera de proposer un autre point de vue afin d'augmenter l'intérêt envers l'apprentissage plurilingue et intercultural enseigné en classe. Mon projet est de découvrir le phénomène du plurilinguisme et ses bénéfices qui peuvent être appréhendés sur plusiers niveaux. Je vais réaliser ce projet au fond de mon propre intérêt personnel car je me considère comme plurilingue et je tiendrai également à connaitre plus de détails en menant une expérience empirique dand un des groupes de mes superviseurs pour collectioner plus des donnés et de témoignages des autres plurilingues. Le plurilinguisme et ses différents aspects seront étudiés plutôt au niveau individuel por le développement personel des apprenants. J'imagine une évolution de l'approche plurilingue, et de l'apprentissage plurilingue, cependant je développerai aussi les inconvénients du plurilinguisme. La méthodologie de réalisation de ce projet se concentre principalment sur la lecture des avantages et des inconvénients du plurilinguisme étudiés par d'autres chercheurs, et puis des propositions d'activités plurilingues. Ma recherche a un visée profissionnelle avec une intention de proposer un dépliant académique adressé aux enseignants qui veulent organisers des cours ou des ateleiers plurilingues dont les bénéfices iront à deux parties: enseignants et apprenants qui s'intéressent et veulent intégrer l'apprentissage plurilingue dans leurs classes. On espère que les résultats seront utiles pour les cheurcheurs, pour des formateus et des enseignats, ainsi que pour tous les acteurs de la formation professionnelle.
- La conciencia de la mestiza nas personagens Gabriela e Sayonara dos romances Gabriela Cravo e Canela, de Jorge Amado, La Novia Oscura, de Laura RestrepoPublication . Silva, Emanuelle Bezerra; Branco, Isabel Rute Araújo; Henighan, StephenA presente dissertação busca analisar a representação da mulher mestiça latinoamericana nas narrativas culturais, utilizando como objetos de estudo os livros Gabriela, Cravo e Canela, de Jorge Amado, e La novia oscura, de Laura Restrepo. Os principais objetivos são compreender como a identidade da mulher mestiça é construída nessas narrativas e investigar os impactos sociais e culturais dessa representação. A base teórica se fundamenta em conceitos como mestiçagem, feminismo e estudos latino-americanos, com referência a pensadores como José Martí, Gilberto Freyre, Amaryll Chanady e Glória Anzaldúa. O estudo pretende contribuir para a ampliação dos debates sobre gênero, classe e cor na sociedade latino-americana, visando romper com estereótipos negativos e agressivos direcionados às mulheres latinas. A presente pesquisa proporciona uma compreensão mais aprofundada das particularidades do feminino e das complexidades das identidades das mulheres mestiças. Além disso, destacou a importância de superar estereótipos negativos e agressivos, rompendo com a subjugação das mulheres latinas. A análise dessas narrativas culturais contribui para uma reflexão crítica sobre a representação da mulher mestiça e para a busca por uma abordagem feminista mais inclusiva e emancipatória.
- The role of Classical Studies in the 21st century: an assessment of their position in the education system and the societyPublication . Cremona, Chiara; Walsh, John; Santa Bárbara, LeonorThis Master dissertation wants to explore the current status of classical studies in the education system and the society, in order to present an overview of their presence in different fields. After having been the very core of Western culture for centuries, at the base of every scholastic and academic programme, starting from the end of the 20th century they seem to have been suffering a sort of decline, which has seen them being replaced in their role as the main educational tool by other subjects, considered more suitable to tackle our increasingly scientific and technological world. The different historical, cultural, political and economical context of our modern-day society has caused the study of ancient Greek and Latin language and literature to be regarded as an out-of-date, boring and unnecessarily demanding subject, a privilege of the small group of people who have the time and resources to dedicate themselves to it. Most importantly, the classics appear now to be quite ineffectual in the context of the professional world, since, as statistics show, graduates with a classical (and, more in general, humanities) degree encounter many difficulties in finding an adequate, well-paid job. Despite all of these setbacks, the debate around the position of the classics in the academia as well as the society continues to this day, while teachers and educators are proposing new didactic approaches and strategies to make the learning of classical subjects more appealing and engaging for students. And also outside the field of education, the classics are very much alive and well: the countless references to them in books, films, TV shows, comics and games prove that they can still be used, centuries after, to talk about important issues in an innovative and original way, addressing a modern and wider audience.
- The cinemas deterritorializing potential and its philosophical contagionPublication . Garces Velasco, Ricardo; Pollock, Jonathan; Aparício, Maria IreneGuillermo del Toro’s most recent film The Shape of Water (2017) ends with a sequence presenting the leading role’s peculiar transformation that not only saves her life but allows her to breathe underneath the water and to be with the amphibious manlike creature she loves. By showing the exact instant where the character’s ancient neck scars open into gills with a thought-provoking low angle medium close-up in a floating environment, the film denotes a resonance between physical metamorphosis and a change of perspective. In addition, the sequence’s final scene is an extreme long shot of the story’s two main characters merged in a hug and surrounded by an aquatic empty landscape. Thus suggesting that the shift process’s culmination is not merely a matter of altered body parts but also of changing contexts, environments and ways to be, perceive and understand reality. However, this example is not the only one of how motion pictures have been approaching and displaying different transformation processes and their multiple implications. Almost a decade before The Shape of Water, the anime feature films Studio Ghibli released Hayao Miyazaki’s Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea (2008). The story of a red goldfish princess who wishes to become a human after knowing a five-year-old boy. The film focuses on Ponyo’s becoming-human journey, showing how it develops alongside with her motivations and the ramifications of such a desire. The moment where Ponyo’s will of change provides her with legs and hands, disrupting her restraining water-bubble borders and altering nature’s balance, establishes a key progression to analyze and experience the complex shifting relationship between a subject and its milieu.
- A close reading of Anne MichaelsPublication . Pérez Fernández, Adrián; DeCoste, Mary; Martins, Isabel OliveiraThis essay looks at the poetry book The Weight of Oranges of Anne Michaels, one of most relevant figures of actual Canadian literature. This research develops a close reading of two poems (“Memoriam” and “Words for the Body”) of The Weight of Oranges, which is her first book. The essay is especially focused in the form, the techniques used in the poems and the structure of her poetry.
- Found in translation: análisis de la influencia del polisistema literario en la traducción de Señales que precederán al final del mundo por Lisa DillmanPublication . Meijomil Valbuena, Andrea; Gómez, Rosário; Branco, Isabel AraújoEsta disertación se centra en el análisis de la traducción de la segunda novela de Yuri Herrera, Señales que precederán al final del mundo, al inglés por la traductora Lisa Dillman. El objetivo es detectar las tendencias generales que Dillman sigue en su proceso de traducción y determinar si están en consonancia o no con el polisistema al que pertenece. Para ello, se realiza un análisis lingüístico de la traducción y se aplican los conceptos de extranjerización y domesticación de Lawrence Venuti y la teoría de polisistemas de Even-Zohar. Esta disertación propone que dado el carácter marginal de las traducciones en la literatura anglosajona, la traducción se ve sometida a presiones externas opuestas que explicarían las posibles contradicciones que se encuentran en el análisis de la traducción.
- Du réel merveilleux à l´animisme: le mythe, l´histoire et l´enchantement du monde dans El reino de este mundo d´Alejo Carpentier et Terra sonâmbula de Mia CoutoPublication . Di Pinto, Sonia; Parisot, Fabrice; Branco, Isabel AraújoDans ce travail, à partir d’une analyse comparée des oeuvres El reino de este mundo d’Alejo Carpentier et Terra sonâmbula de Mia Couto, on prétend étudier le rôle essentiel des éléments magiques et surnaturels propres aux peuples africains et afro-caribéens représentés, ainsi que la fonction révélatrice du mythe et de l’histoire dans les deux récits. On essayera d’encadrer les oeuvres dans la littérature postcoloniale et de montrer comment les deux ouvrages se rattachent à la stratégie narrative du réalisme magique (et de ses variantes real maravilloso et réalisme animiste), tout comme à la vision ontologique animiste (d’un point de vue anthropologique). Dès lors, on analysera comment la récupération du passé ancestral, ainsi que l’animisme et l’enchantement du monde représentent les noyaux thématiques des deux oeuvres, lesquelles en s’inscrivant dans un mouvement de revendication culturelle, montrent l’émergence d’une conscience nationale et littéraire dépourvue de toute imposition coloniale. La présence prépondérante de certains phénomènes surnaturels dans les deux récits – notamment le dialogue avec les ancêtres, la métamorphose et les rites d’initiation – est à la fois reflet de la vision ontologique animiste des peuples représentés et symbole de dénonciation envers la condition aliénante vécue pendant la période coloniale et postcoloniale.
- Ecophenomenology and technology as Pharmakon: repairing our relationship to the world according to Abram and StieglerPublication . Daly, Nicholas Joseph; Laügt, Elodie; Bernardo, LuísThis dissertation reads the works of two contemporary philosophers together in order to build new and synthetic conversations about nature, technology, artistic expression, and consciousness. The first philosopher, David Abram, is a pioneer of 'ecophenomenology', which brings the phenomenological writings of Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty into dialogue with contemporary ecological concepts and environmental philosophy. Abram argues that humans have a fundamental psychological need for sensuous, bodily, and reciprocal encounters with the natural world (what he terms the 'more-than-human' world). The second philosopher is Bernard Stiegler, known as a famous philosopher of technology and former student of Jacques Derrida. Using a very broad definition of technology, Stiegler came to notoriety for defining humans as 'always, already technological', arguing that our consciousness has always been shaped by technology. His later work explores how new technologies limit human spirit while simultaneously creating unprecedented opportunities for self-expression, artistic expression, and political realities. By reading these philosophers together, the dissertation argues that despite differences in academic discipline, genre, language, and cultural context, these thinkers address the same basic issues about human consciousness which opens possibilities for environmentalists, artists, and technologists to address global climate chaos, industrial populism, and disruptive technological innovation. By turning the authors’ concepts back unto philosophy itself, the thesis also speaks to the ecological and pharmacological dynamics of philosophical encounter.
- In-between Wor(l)ds: female autofiction and postcolonial identity in Marie Cardinal´s Au pays de mes racines, Marguerite Duras´s L´amant and Isabela Figueiredo´s Caderno de Memórias ColoniaisPublication . Cominetti, Enrica Aurora; Morais, Ana Paiva; Irvine, MargotFemale autofiction can be considered as a form of feminist confessional since, by challenging dominant configurations of knowledge – such as those embodied by autobiographism – and drawing attention to women’s personal issues, it aims at articulating the multiplicity of the female narrative subject. Autofictional works such as Marie Cardinal’s Au pays de mes racines [In the Country of my Roots], Marguerite Duras’s L’amant [The Lover] and Isabela Figueiredo’s Caderno de Memórias Coloniais [Notebook of Colonial Memories] can therefore be viewed as dealing with female personal concerns in a political way. This is because their exploration of women’s marginal status in formerly colonial countries like Algeria, Indochina and Mozambique, functions as an empowering tool through which they challenge the structures of domination impinging on their identity while asserting their own individuality. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore how the literary genre of autofiction harmonizes with and serves to better articulate issues of female subjectivity and cultural hybridization, particularly as concerns the power dynamics at stake in the narratives’ transcultural contexts. The focus will be on the fragmented sense of self imbuing these novels and which is directly related to the liminal status occupied by the narrators who are in-between different cultures. The final objective is to investigate how the notion of in-betweenness, which underlies both the genre of autofiction itself and the structure of the texts, can function as a feminist category of representation of women’s subjectivity and which defies oppressive social conventions related to patriarchal colonial patterns.
- Weaving a narrative of translation, activism, and knowledgePublication . Bravo Cabezas, Valentina Victoria; Bennet, KarenNew technologies are enabling new modes of cooperation, content creation and activism. These changes are affecting the way translation is carried out, and enabling its practitioners to collaborate remotely and contribute to humanitarian causes in new ways. In order to explore the opportunities and challenges that emerge from this fast-evolving landscape, this dissertation focuses on Translators without Borders, TWB, as a case study. This NGO offers translation support for humanitarian agencies around the world and relies on the work of volunteers to fulfil its mission. Using the case study as a starting point, the dissertation discusses contemporary translation theory about volunteering and crowdsourcing, TWB’s relationship to its volunteers and other NGOs, and the ways in which the organisation implements crowdsourcing and online collaboration to carry out its work. This analysis reveals the fundamental role of narratives in securing volunteer participation, and the ethical issues and conflicts of interest which underlie TWB. The fact that volunteers continue to participate and support this organisation can serve to illustrate their perception regarding these issues. TWB’s crowdsourcing practices, which are essential to its work model, are further blurring the line between professional and non-professional translators. However, they are also a way of harnessing the potential of a workforce that is disseminated around the world. TWB’s collaboration with other organisations based on volunteer work is a testament to the ubiquity of this model of content creation, and of the emphasis placed on technology—and the lack of monetary value ascribed to the translators themselves. The analysis also reveals the potential of these new work models to tackle problems of epistemic injustice and the problematic vertical relations between providers and recipients of humanitarian aid. The dissertation concludes by highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in order to make sense of the current technological landscape and the ways in which it affects the development of translation, activism, and digital content creation.