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Prevalência das parasitoses intestinais em crianças em idade escolar e sua relação com factores demográficos, socioeconómicos e comportamentais numa zona urbana e numa zona rural da província de Cabinda, Angola
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Introdução: As parasitoses intestinais são consideradas um grave problema de saúde pública, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento, onde o clima é favorável e as condições de higiene e saneamento são precárias. Pretendeu-se com este estudo avaliar a prevalência das parasitoses intestinais e sua associação com determinantes socioeconómicos, comportamentais e demográficos em crianças dos 5 aos 12 anos a frequentar a escola primária numa zona rural e numa zona urbana da província de Cabinda, Angola.
Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, exploratório, observacional, analítico e comparativo. A colheita de dados realizou-se entre Setembro e Outubro de 2010. A amostra foi constituída por 231 crianças, sendo 77 da zona rural e 154 da zona urbana. Realizou-se a detecção microscópica de parasitas intestinais. Para a avaliação dos determinantes socioeconómicos, comportamentais e demográficos utilizou-se um questionário específico para este estudo e o mesmo foi testado numa população com as mesmas características.
Resultados: A prevalência de parasitas intestinais patogénicos foi de 84,4% (65/77) nas crianças da zona rural e de 44,8% (69/154) nas crianças da zona urbana. A ordem das prevalências na zona rural e urbana foi: G. lamblia (26,0% vs 31,2%), T. trichiura (54,5% vs 9,7%), Ancilostomídeos (39,0% vs 0,6%), A. lumbricoides (27,3% vs 8,4%), S. stercoralis (11,7% vs 0,6%) e H. nana (5,2% vs 1,9).
Na zona rural observou-se que as crianças cujos cuidadores não lavam as mãos com água e sabão antes de preparar as refeições têm uma maior probabilidade de ter infecção com parasitas intestinais patogénicos (OR:28,568; IC95%: 2,275-58,798).
Na zona urbana, verificou-se que o comportamento do cuidador de não lavar as mãos com água e sabão quando sai da casa de banho aumenta a probabilidade das crianças ter infecção com parasitas intestinais patogénicos (OR:10,260; IC95%: 1,968-53,493). Nesta zona verificou-se ainda que consumir água sem tratar com lixívia aumenta a probabilidade das crianças ter infecção com parasitas intestinais patogénicos (OR: 3,155; IC95%:1,054-9,445).
Conclusão: Neste estudo verificamos que em zonas diferentes a prevalência de parasitas intestinais pode ser explicada pelos hábitos de higiene, nomeadamente os comportamentos do cuidador em não lavar as mãos antes de preparar as refeições e depois de sair da casa de banho, bem como o consumo de água canalizada sem tratamento com lixívia. Diante destes resultados, sugerem-se estudos que avaliem também a prevalência destes parasitas nos cuidadores e incluam dados sobre a avaliação antropométrica e nutricional das crianças com vista a estudar de que forma estas são afectadas. Sugere-se igualmente uma reelaboração dos tradicionais programas de prevenção habitualmente utilizados.
Introduction: The intestinal parasites are considered a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries, where the climate is favorable and the conditions of hygiene and sanitation are poor. The main objective was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their association with socioeconomic determinants, behavioral and demographic factors in children from 5 to 12 years attending primary school in a rural and an urban area of the province of Cabinda, Angola. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, exploratory, observational, analytical and comparative. Data collection took place between September and October 2010. The sample comprised 231 children, 77 from rural area and 154 from urban area. We calculated the microscopic detection of intestinal parasites. To analyze the economic, behavior and demographics determinants we designed a specific questionnaire which has been tested in a population with similar characteristics. Results: The prevalence of pathogenic intestinal parasites was 84.4% (65/77) in the children of rural area and 44.8% (69/154) in the children of urban area. The order of prevalence in rural and urban areas were: G. lamblia (26.0% vs 31.2%), T. trichiura (54.5% vs 9.7%), Hookworm (39.0% vs 0.6%), A. lumbricoides (27.3% vs 8.4%), S. stercoralis (11.7% vs 0.6%) and H. nana (5.2% vs 1.9). In rural area it was observed that children whose caregivers do not wash their hands with soap and water before preparing meals have a higher probability of being infected with pathogenic intestinal parasites (OR:28,568; IC95%: 2,275-58,798). In urban area, the caregiver behavior of not wash hands with soap and water when it leaves the bathroom increases the likelihood of children being infected with pathogenic intestinal parasites (OR:10,260; IC95%: 1,968-53,493). It was observed that untreated water consumption increases the likelihood of children being infected with pathogenic intestinal parasites (OR: 3,155; IC95%:1,054-9,445). Conclusion: In different areas the prevalence of intestinal parasites can be explained by the hygiene, including the behavior of the caregiver that does not wash their hands before preparing food and after leaving the bathroom, and the consumption of tap water without treatment. Given these results, we suggest studies that assess the prevalence of these parasites in caregivers and include data on anthropometric measurements and nutritional status of children in order to study how they are affected. It is also suggested a rethinking of traditional prevention programs.
Introduction: The intestinal parasites are considered a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries, where the climate is favorable and the conditions of hygiene and sanitation are poor. The main objective was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their association with socioeconomic determinants, behavioral and demographic factors in children from 5 to 12 years attending primary school in a rural and an urban area of the province of Cabinda, Angola. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, exploratory, observational, analytical and comparative. Data collection took place between September and October 2010. The sample comprised 231 children, 77 from rural area and 154 from urban area. We calculated the microscopic detection of intestinal parasites. To analyze the economic, behavior and demographics determinants we designed a specific questionnaire which has been tested in a population with similar characteristics. Results: The prevalence of pathogenic intestinal parasites was 84.4% (65/77) in the children of rural area and 44.8% (69/154) in the children of urban area. The order of prevalence in rural and urban areas were: G. lamblia (26.0% vs 31.2%), T. trichiura (54.5% vs 9.7%), Hookworm (39.0% vs 0.6%), A. lumbricoides (27.3% vs 8.4%), S. stercoralis (11.7% vs 0.6%) and H. nana (5.2% vs 1.9). In rural area it was observed that children whose caregivers do not wash their hands with soap and water before preparing meals have a higher probability of being infected with pathogenic intestinal parasites (OR:28,568; IC95%: 2,275-58,798). In urban area, the caregiver behavior of not wash hands with soap and water when it leaves the bathroom increases the likelihood of children being infected with pathogenic intestinal parasites (OR:10,260; IC95%: 1,968-53,493). It was observed that untreated water consumption increases the likelihood of children being infected with pathogenic intestinal parasites (OR: 3,155; IC95%:1,054-9,445). Conclusion: In different areas the prevalence of intestinal parasites can be explained by the hygiene, including the behavior of the caregiver that does not wash their hands before preparing food and after leaving the bathroom, and the consumption of tap water without treatment. Given these results, we suggest studies that assess the prevalence of these parasites in caregivers and include data on anthropometric measurements and nutritional status of children in order to study how they are affected. It is also suggested a rethinking of traditional prevention programs.
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Parasitologia médica Parasitas intestinais Demografia Factores socioeconómicos Angola Cabinda Determinantes demográficos Comportamentais Crianças
Contexto Educativo
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Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical