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Crenças, atitudes, literacia e comportamentos de saúde oral em estudantes universitários
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RESUMO - Introdução: As doenças orais constituem um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. A compreensão dos seus determinantes é essencial para o desenho de intervenções preventivas.
Objetivos: Descrever e analisar a relação entre literacia em saúde oral (SO), crenças, atitudes, comportamentos de SO e nível de SO de estudantes universitários.
Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, recorrendo a uma amostra de conveniência, estudantes universitários (n=256). Foi pedida a colaboração às Faculdades de Ciências e Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa. Uma outra forma de divulgação do estudo foi através das redes sociais através da estratégia de amostragem por bola de neve. A recolha de dados consistiu no preenchimento de um protocolo de investigação online.
Resultados: A frequência da escovagem demonstrou estar bem implementada, uma vez que a maioria dos estudantes escovava os dentes bidiariamente. Verificam-se associações significativas entre as variáveis cognitivas e entre estas e os comportamentos relacionados com a SO. Por sua vez, a perceção do estado de SO associou-se com os comportamentos de SO, locus de controlo interno, valores de saúde, autoeficácia para as consultas de medicina dentária (SE-DC), autoeficácia para a escovagem diária, autoeficácia para os hábitos alimentares e autoeficácia total, destacando-se o papel da autoeficácia relacionada com as consultas de medicina dentária. O nível de literacia em SO apenas se associou com a perceção do estado de SO.
Conclusões: A autoeficácia SE-DC revelou um papel importante para a compreensão dos comportamentos relacionados com a SO e da perceção do nível de SO. Considerando os dados portugueses de baixa utilização de consultas de SO, este resultado aponta claramente a necessidade de compreender melhor esta variável e o seu papel na SO.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Oral diseases are one of the main public health issues. The understanding of its determinants is essential for the design of preventive measures. Objective: To describe and analyze the relationship between oral health literacy, beliefs, attitudes, oral health behaviors and oral health level of university students. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was performed, using a convenience sample, university students (n = 256). Collaboration was requested to the Faculties of Sciences and Pharmacy of the University of Lisbon. A different method of disseminating the study was through social networks, using the ‘snowball sampling’ strategy. Data collection consisted of completing an online research protocol. Results: The frequency of brushing proved to be well implemented, since most students brushed their teeth twice a day. There are significant correlations between the cognitive variables and between them and oral health related behaviors. On the other hand, the perception of oral health status was associated with its behaviors, the locus of internal control, health values, self-efficacy for dentist consultations (SE-DC), self-efficacy for brushing of the teeth, self-efficacy for dietary habits and, finally, with total self-efficacy, highlighting the role and importance of self-efficacy related to dentist consultations. The level of oral health literacy was only associated with oral health status’ perception. Conclusions: Self-efficacy SE-DC has proven to be an important role for understanding oral health behaviors and perceiving oral health. Considering the Portuguese data of low attendance to dentist consultations, this result clearly indicates the need to better understand this variable and its role in oral health.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Oral diseases are one of the main public health issues. The understanding of its determinants is essential for the design of preventive measures. Objective: To describe and analyze the relationship between oral health literacy, beliefs, attitudes, oral health behaviors and oral health level of university students. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was performed, using a convenience sample, university students (n = 256). Collaboration was requested to the Faculties of Sciences and Pharmacy of the University of Lisbon. A different method of disseminating the study was through social networks, using the ‘snowball sampling’ strategy. Data collection consisted of completing an online research protocol. Results: The frequency of brushing proved to be well implemented, since most students brushed their teeth twice a day. There are significant correlations between the cognitive variables and between them and oral health related behaviors. On the other hand, the perception of oral health status was associated with its behaviors, the locus of internal control, health values, self-efficacy for dentist consultations (SE-DC), self-efficacy for brushing of the teeth, self-efficacy for dietary habits and, finally, with total self-efficacy, highlighting the role and importance of self-efficacy related to dentist consultations. The level of oral health literacy was only associated with oral health status’ perception. Conclusions: Self-efficacy SE-DC has proven to be an important role for understanding oral health behaviors and perceiving oral health. Considering the Portuguese data of low attendance to dentist consultations, this result clearly indicates the need to better understand this variable and its role in oral health.
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Palavras-chave
Estudantes universitários Crenças Autoeficácia Comportamentos e literacia em SO University students Beliefs Self-efficacy Behaviors and oral health literacy