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Organ Dose Estimates in Thorax CT: Voxel Phantom Organ Matching With Individual Patient Anatomy
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Given the continuous usage and spread of computed tomography (CT), the potential
harmful e↵ects and the radiation dose to the patient have become high interest topics
among the scientific community.
The main objective of this investigation was to modify existing three-dimensional (3D)
voxel phantom models to resemble real patients as much as possible, trying to progress the concept of a more personalized patient dosimetry. This work focused essentially in one of the biggest and most radiosensitive organs in the thorax, the lungs. Additionally, the variations of organ doses when a standard phantom is used instead were studied.
During the course of this work a FORTRAN-based program was developed, which is
able to semi-automatically modify the volumetric information of organs of interest in a
standard voxel phantom (Female ICRP Adult Reference). The voxel resolution was also
altered so the phantom’s diameters match the patient’s ones. Monte Carlo (MC) PENELOPE simulation code was used to mimic CT scan conditions and, therefore, generate 2D projections, used for visual organ matching with clinical patient CT images, and access organ dose in both phantoms (ICRP standard and ICRP modified).
The main results reported that matching the voxel phantom’s size and lungs provides
organ dose values significantly di↵erent from the ones measured in the ICRP reference
phantom. Voxel models matched to patients’ size and overall anatomy allow increased
accuracy in organ dose estimation, which, as reported by this study, can su↵er from up
to 20% underestimation and 40% overestimation.
This study demonstrates that voxel phantoms developed using single patient data
provide a better and more precise organ dose assessment by MC methods than a standard phantom. The presented methodology should be of interest for dose optimization studies and quick enough for routine clinical use.
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Palavras-chave
Computed Tomography Voxel Phantom Monte Carlo Methods Organ Dose FORTRAN (Computer Programming Language)