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Enfermagem em Medicina do Viajante - Que realidade? Que perspetivas?
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A medicina do viajante pretende dotar o viajante sobre prevenção de doenças e alterações de saúde além de promover a saúde, o respeito pelas populações, culturas e ambiente das regiões a visitar. Os riscos associados aos viajantes prendem-se pelas caraterísticas individuais (idade, género, estado de saúde, personalidade, comportamento, cultura, estatuto social e educação) e pela viagem em si (destino, clima, altitude, luz solar, higiene, mosquitos, poluição, segurança, objetivo e duração da viagem, entre outros).
As funções de educação para a saúde, inerentes a enfermagem, funcionam como ajuda a consciencializar que cada utente tem um papel importante na sua proteção e melhoria da sua saúde, o que passa pelo objetivo da medicina do viajante.
Perante esta situação, realizou-se o estudo para identificar as funções de enfermagem desempenhadas na consulta de medicina do viajante na área metropolitana de Lisboa; compararam-se os resultados com dados internacionais; indagou-se que funções deveriam ter os enfermeiros, segundo os alunos do curso de medicina do viajante do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (2015/2016).
É um estudo descritivo exploratório, realizado na zona metropolitana de Lisboa. A população do estudo é composta por enfermeiros e médicos ligados à consulta de medicina do viajante e/ou centros de vacinação internacional e aos médicos a frequentar o curso de Medicina do Viajante no IHMT, ano letivo 2015-2016. Foi aplicada uma entrevista semiestruturada aos enfermeiros e médicos de oito consultas; feita uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi utilizada para a pesquisa do papel da Enfermagem noutros países e utilizada a metodologia de consenso, técnica Delphi aos médicos do curso.
A vacinação foi a função referida por todos. Foram reconhecidas como funções mais importantes da equipa de enfermagem: ensino para a saúde (72.7%); aconselhamento em MV (27,3%,); vacinação (9%). 63.6% Consideraram a formação para a prática em MV no seu curso base como má/muito má. Fontes de informação utilizadas: internet (57.1%), reuniões de serviço (14.3%). Em relação à comparação internacional, nas funções confrontadas aproximamo-nos mais dos enfermeiros da Austrália e Reino Unido do que com os do Japão. Foram obtidas por consenso quatro funções associadas aos enfermeiros da consulta de MV: administração de vacinas (100% dos participantes); promoção da saúde-informação de hábitos saudáveis e seguros de saúde (15/17, 88.2%); registo das vacinas nos boletins e plataformas eletrónicas (15/17, 88.2%); aconselhamento e demonstração de cuidados sanitários-proteção anti-mosquito, proteção solar, prevenção da diarreia (15/17, 88.2%).
Os enfermeiros ligados às consultas de MV/centros de vacinação internacional, sentem-se confiantes e poderão realizar funções de ensino e educação para a saúde, completando/reforçando o que é indicado em consulta médica, sendo importante ponderar a implementação da consulta de Enfermagem do viajante, devendo ir mais além da pressuposta prescrição de medicação. Todos os profissionais nesta área deveriam ter formação específica assim como encaram a consulta de enfermagem em medicina do viajante como importante.
Abstract Traveler’s medicine aims to provide travelers with prevention of diseases and health changes, as well as promoting health, respect for the populations, cultures and environment of the regions to visit. The risks associated with travelers are related to individual characteristics (age, gender, state of health, personality, behavior, culture, social status and education) and the trip itself (destination, climate, altitude, sunlight, hygiene, mosquitoes, pollution, safety, purpose and duration of travel, among others). The functions of health education, inherent to nursing, work as an aid to make aware that each user has an important role in their protection and improvement of their health, which passes through the objective of traveler's medicine. In view of this condition, the study was carried out to identify the nursing functions performed in the traveler's medicine consultation in the metropolitan area of Lisbon; results were compared with international data; it was asked what functions nurses should have, according to the students of the medical course of the traveler of the Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (2015/2016). It is an exploratory descriptive study, carried out in the metropolitan area of Lisbon. The study population is comprised of nurses and doctors linked to the traveler's medical consultation and / or international vaccination centers and physicians attending the Traveler's Medicine course at IHMT 2015-2016. A semi-structured interview was applied to nurses and doctors from eight consultations; a systematic review of the literature was used to investigate the role of nursing in other countries and used the consensus methodology, Delphi technique to the doctors in course. Vaccination was the function reported by all. They were recognized as the most important functions of the nursing team: health education (72.7%); Counseling in MV (27.3%); Vaccination (9%). 63.6% considered the training to practice in MV in their basic course as bad / very bad. Sources of information used: internet (57.1%), service meetings (14.3%). Regarding the international comparison, in the functions confronted, we are closer to the nurses from Australia and the United Kingdom than to those from Japan. Four functions associated to nurses from the MV consultation were obtained by consensus: administration of vaccines (100% of participants); Health promotion-information on healthy habits and health insurance (15/17, 88.2%); Registration of vaccines in bulletins and electronic platforms (15/17, 88.2%); Counseling and demonstration of health care-anti-mosquito protection, sun protection, prevention of diarrhea (15/17, 88.2%). Nurses involved in MV / international vaccination centers consultations feel confident and able to perform teaching and health education functions, completing / reinforcing what is indicated in a medical consultation, and it is important to consider the implementation of the Nursing Consultation. Should go beyond the presumed prescription of medication. All the professionals in this area should have specific training as well as the nursing consultation in traveler's medicine as important.
Abstract Traveler’s medicine aims to provide travelers with prevention of diseases and health changes, as well as promoting health, respect for the populations, cultures and environment of the regions to visit. The risks associated with travelers are related to individual characteristics (age, gender, state of health, personality, behavior, culture, social status and education) and the trip itself (destination, climate, altitude, sunlight, hygiene, mosquitoes, pollution, safety, purpose and duration of travel, among others). The functions of health education, inherent to nursing, work as an aid to make aware that each user has an important role in their protection and improvement of their health, which passes through the objective of traveler's medicine. In view of this condition, the study was carried out to identify the nursing functions performed in the traveler's medicine consultation in the metropolitan area of Lisbon; results were compared with international data; it was asked what functions nurses should have, according to the students of the medical course of the traveler of the Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (2015/2016). It is an exploratory descriptive study, carried out in the metropolitan area of Lisbon. The study population is comprised of nurses and doctors linked to the traveler's medical consultation and / or international vaccination centers and physicians attending the Traveler's Medicine course at IHMT 2015-2016. A semi-structured interview was applied to nurses and doctors from eight consultations; a systematic review of the literature was used to investigate the role of nursing in other countries and used the consensus methodology, Delphi technique to the doctors in course. Vaccination was the function reported by all. They were recognized as the most important functions of the nursing team: health education (72.7%); Counseling in MV (27.3%); Vaccination (9%). 63.6% considered the training to practice in MV in their basic course as bad / very bad. Sources of information used: internet (57.1%), service meetings (14.3%). Regarding the international comparison, in the functions confronted, we are closer to the nurses from Australia and the United Kingdom than to those from Japan. Four functions associated to nurses from the MV consultation were obtained by consensus: administration of vaccines (100% of participants); Health promotion-information on healthy habits and health insurance (15/17, 88.2%); Registration of vaccines in bulletins and electronic platforms (15/17, 88.2%); Counseling and demonstration of health care-anti-mosquito protection, sun protection, prevention of diarrhea (15/17, 88.2%). Nurses involved in MV / international vaccination centers consultations feel confident and able to perform teaching and health education functions, completing / reinforcing what is indicated in a medical consultation, and it is important to consider the implementation of the Nursing Consultation. Should go beyond the presumed prescription of medication. All the professionals in this area should have specific training as well as the nursing consultation in traveler's medicine as important.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Medicina do viajante Formação Consulta de enfermagem Entrevista
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical