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Entre Corpos e Ecrãs: identidades e sexualidades dos jovens nos novos media
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A presente tese de Doutoramento estuda quatro usos sexualizados dos novos
media: consulta de informação sobre sexualidade e saúde sexual, participação cívica,
consumo de pornografia e sexting.
O trabalho realizado parte de uma abordagem foucauldiana em que se reflecte
sobre o papel das pessoas jovens no contexto do dispositivo de sexualidade e sobre
como os próprios participam do mesmo através de estratégias de governamentalidade,
bem como sobre o papel dos novos media na constituição das suas subjectividades
sexuais. O ambiente considerado pornograficado do contexto mediático contemporâneo
e o papel da sexualidade na regulação dos media e da juventude é também abordado em
profundidade, a partir de uma perspectiva feminista e da teoria queer. É feito uma
contextualização sociohistórica do ambiente cultural português em que a investigação
decorreu.
Metodologicamente, recorreu-se a um inquérito por questionário online, com
amostragem por bola de neve feito através de redes sociais e de instituições
colaboradoras do estudo, focando-se em jovens residentes em Portugal, entre os 16 e os
19 anos; foram recolhidas 183 respostas válidas. As respostas foram submetidas a
análise estatística descritiva e correlacional. Em seguida, os respondentes autopropostos
a entrevista face-a-face foram contactados para efectivar as entrevistas. Deste
processo resultaram 11 entrevistas face-a-face, em profundidade, sobre as experiências
de jovens com os novos media, focando-se especialmente nas quatro actividades
assinaladas.
Os resultados dos inquéritos por questionário mostram a predominância, na
amostra não-representativa, das práticas de consulta de informação sobre sexualidade e
saúde sexual e de consulta de pornografia, mas níveis baixos de participação cívica e de
sexting. A partir das entrevistas, é possível compreender que as pessoas jovens
negoceiam constantemente o seu lugar enquanto sujeitos sexuais nos seus espaços de
sociabilidade, e que um componente dessa dinâmica passa pelos novos meios de
comunicação social. As pessoas que participaram neste estudo avaliam comportamentos
sexuais como normais ou desviantes, avaliam a posse ou não de determinados saberes
como falhas pessoais, e o mesmo se aplicando a saberes ou competências de literacia
digital e mediática. Nesse contexto, constroem-se moralmente enquanto sujeitos sociais
e sexuais que respondem perante uma injunção discursiva e de governamentalidade de
si, que implica também o governo das outras pessoas, e a sua inscrição dentro dos seus
esquemas de subjectividade moral.Ao mesmo tempo, os contextos e lacunas ao nível de educação, de apoio familiar
e de pares tornam-se variáveis centrais que modulam a forma como as e os jovens
interagem com os novos media. Uma das variáveis que mais marcou as entrevistas foi a
orientação sexual apresentada: esse elemento, ao enquadrar as pessoas jovens em
sistemas macrossociais de exclusão, tingiu a relevância que os media tiveram na vida
das pessoas não-heterossexuais, bem como a forma como essa interacção foi feita.
Deixam-se sugestões para novas formas de investigação com os media e jovens
no contexto da sexualidade e do género, a partir das lacunas identificadas a nível
nacional.
This PhD thesis studies four sexualized usages of new media: information seeking on sexuality and sexual health, civic engagement in matter of sexuality, pornography consumption and sexting. It has as its baseline a Foucauldian approach on how youngsters are framed within the sexuality dispositive, and how they, themselves, participate in it through governmentality strategies; it also focuses on the role of new media in the constitution of their sexual subjectivities. The current media context, considered by many as pornographicated, and the role played by sexuality in regulating both the media and youth itself, is also approached in depth, from a feminist and queer theory perspective. A sociohistorical contextualization of the Portuguese cultural background, in which the investigation took place, is also carried out. Methodologically, an online survey was used, with convenience sampling via snowballing, using social networks, but also collaborating institutions. The survey was aimed at youngsters resident in Portugal, ages between 16 and 19 years old. In the end, 183 responses were considered as valid, and underwent descriptive and correlational analysis. Afterwards, the respondents who had self-proposed for a face-to-face interview were contacted. From this process, 11 in-depth semi-structured interviews were made, focusing especially on the aforementioned activities. The survey results show, in this non-representative sample, that using the internet to search for sexuality-related information is a common practice, as is consuming pornography, unlike civic engagement and sexting. From the interviews, it can be understood how youngsters negotiate their place as sexual subjects in their sociability spaces, and that part of that dynamic involves new media. The youngsters who participated in this study evaluate certain sexual behaviours as normal or deviant, they evaluate not having certain information as personal flaws, and likewise in terms of digital and media literacy. In this context, youngsters construct themselves morally, as social and sexual subjects who respond before an injunction both discursive and pertaining to the government of the self. This government of the self also means, in fact, the government of others, and their inscription within their own schemes of moral subjectivity. At the same time, the contexts and lacunae in terms of educational level, family and peer support, become central variables that shape how youngsters interact with new media. One of the variables that was especially relevant during the interviews was how the youngsters presented themselves in terms of their sexual orientation: this element, used to frame and understand their experiences within macrosocial systems of exclusion, coloured the relevance that the media played in the lives of non-heterosexual youngsters, and how that interaction took place. The thesis ends with a general reflection and suggestions for research involving media and youngsters, in the context of gender and sexuality, in face of the lacunae identified at the national level.
This PhD thesis studies four sexualized usages of new media: information seeking on sexuality and sexual health, civic engagement in matter of sexuality, pornography consumption and sexting. It has as its baseline a Foucauldian approach on how youngsters are framed within the sexuality dispositive, and how they, themselves, participate in it through governmentality strategies; it also focuses on the role of new media in the constitution of their sexual subjectivities. The current media context, considered by many as pornographicated, and the role played by sexuality in regulating both the media and youth itself, is also approached in depth, from a feminist and queer theory perspective. A sociohistorical contextualization of the Portuguese cultural background, in which the investigation took place, is also carried out. Methodologically, an online survey was used, with convenience sampling via snowballing, using social networks, but also collaborating institutions. The survey was aimed at youngsters resident in Portugal, ages between 16 and 19 years old. In the end, 183 responses were considered as valid, and underwent descriptive and correlational analysis. Afterwards, the respondents who had self-proposed for a face-to-face interview were contacted. From this process, 11 in-depth semi-structured interviews were made, focusing especially on the aforementioned activities. The survey results show, in this non-representative sample, that using the internet to search for sexuality-related information is a common practice, as is consuming pornography, unlike civic engagement and sexting. From the interviews, it can be understood how youngsters negotiate their place as sexual subjects in their sociability spaces, and that part of that dynamic involves new media. The youngsters who participated in this study evaluate certain sexual behaviours as normal or deviant, they evaluate not having certain information as personal flaws, and likewise in terms of digital and media literacy. In this context, youngsters construct themselves morally, as social and sexual subjects who respond before an injunction both discursive and pertaining to the government of the self. This government of the self also means, in fact, the government of others, and their inscription within their own schemes of moral subjectivity. At the same time, the contexts and lacunae in terms of educational level, family and peer support, become central variables that shape how youngsters interact with new media. One of the variables that was especially relevant during the interviews was how the youngsters presented themselves in terms of their sexual orientation: this element, used to frame and understand their experiences within macrosocial systems of exclusion, coloured the relevance that the media played in the lives of non-heterosexual youngsters, and how that interaction took place. The thesis ends with a general reflection and suggestions for research involving media and youngsters, in the context of gender and sexuality, in face of the lacunae identified at the national level.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
jovens youngsters sexualidade sexuality género gender Foucault pornography pornografia sexting informação information saúde health activismo activism participação cívica civic engagement internet Portugal feminismo feminism teoria queer queer theory