A carregar...
Publicação
GHG emissions of a WWTP. Methods and methodologies for future calculations. Case Study with the Glanua Group Ltd.
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.74 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Aumento das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa, contribuindo para o aquecimento
global através do efeito de estufa. As ETAR são responsáveis por emissões de GEE durante
várias fases dos seus processos, tornando a quantificação e inventariação exactas dessas
emissões essenciais para os esforços de mitigação. Este estudo centra-se na quantificação das
emissões das ETARs utilizando três metodologias consagradas, avaliando o seu desempenho
e aplicabilidade.
As metodologias utilizadas foram: Refinamento de 2019 das diretrizes do IPCC de 2006
e a Ferramenta de Inventário de GEE, que calculam as emissões usando factores de emissão e
foi aplicada a dados de quatro ETARs reais em Toronto e, o Modelo de Bridle, um modelo
matemático para quantificação de emissões, que foi aplicado a quatro cenários hipotéticos.
Os resultados revelaram conhecimentos fundamentais. A metodologia do IPCC
demonstrou que as ETAR maiores emitem mais GEE em geral, dada a sua dependência de
cálculos orientados para a escala. A Ferramenta de Inventário de GEE assinalou que, embora a
maior estação tivesse as emissões totais mais elevadas, uma ETAR com 3 vezes menos
população produziu as emissões per capita mais elevadas devido à utilização de processos de
tratamento complexos. O modelo Bridle forneceu uma perspetiva granular, mostrando como
populações mais pequenas e a complexidade dos processos podem amplificar as emissões per
capita.
Esta investigação conclui que as ETAR contribuem significativamente para as emissões
de GEE, necessitando de métodos de quantificação rigorosos para apoiar estratégias de
mitigação. Embora os métodos existentes tenham pontos fortes - como a simplicidade e a
acessibilidade - também enfrentam desafios, como estudos limitados para validação e
aplicação. Entre as ferramentas, a Ferramenta de Inventário de GEE surgiu como a mais prática
para instalações operacionais, enquanto o Modelo Bridle é mais adequado para as fases de
planeamento e seleção de processos.
Além disso, este estudo realça o potencial do dióxido de carbono, muitas vezes
negligenciado nos inventários de GEE, para se tornar um foco de investigação futura devido à
presença crescente de fontes de carbono não fósseis, como detergentes e PFAs, nos efluentes
das ETAR. Este trabalho contribui para o avanço da gestão sustentável das águas residuais e
alinha-se com os novos regulamentos da União Europeia que visam a neutralidade energética
e a redução das emissões até 2045.
Increased GHG emissions, contributing to global warming through the greenhouse effect. WWTPs are responsible for GHG emissions during various stages of their processes, making accurate quantification and inventorying of these emissions essential for mitigation efforts. This study focuses on quantifying emissions from WWTPs using three established methodologies, assessing their performance and applicability. The methodologies employed were: The 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and The GHG Inventory Tool, which calculate emissions using emission factors and were applied to data from four real WWTPs in Toronto and, the Bridle Model, a mathematical model for emissions quantification, which was applied to four hypothetical scenarios, another emission factor method, also tested using data from the four Toronto WWTPs. The results revealed key insights. The IPCC methodology demonstrated that larger WWTPs emit more GHGs overall, given its reliance on scale-driven calculations. The GHG Inventory Tool pointed out that although the largest station had the highest total emissions, a WWTP with 3 times less the population produced the highest per capita emissions due to the use of complex treatment processes. The Bridle Model provided a granular perspective, showing how smaller populations and process complexity could amplify per capita emissions. This research concludes that WWTPs are significant contributors to GHG emissions, necessitating rigorous quantification methods to support mitigation strategies. Although existing methods have strengths—such as simplicity and accessibility—they also face challenges, such as limited studies for validation and application. Among the tools, the GHG Inventory Tool emerged as the most practical for operational plants, while the Bridle Model is better suited for planning and process selection phases. Additionally, this study emphasizes the potential for carbon dioxide, often overlooked in GHG inventories, to become a focus of future research due to the increasing presence of non-fossil carbon sources, such as detergents and PFAs, in WWTP influents. This work contributes to advancing sustainable wastewater management and aligns with new European Union regulations targeting energy neutrality and reduced emissions by 2045.
Increased GHG emissions, contributing to global warming through the greenhouse effect. WWTPs are responsible for GHG emissions during various stages of their processes, making accurate quantification and inventorying of these emissions essential for mitigation efforts. This study focuses on quantifying emissions from WWTPs using three established methodologies, assessing their performance and applicability. The methodologies employed were: The 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and The GHG Inventory Tool, which calculate emissions using emission factors and were applied to data from four real WWTPs in Toronto and, the Bridle Model, a mathematical model for emissions quantification, which was applied to four hypothetical scenarios, another emission factor method, also tested using data from the four Toronto WWTPs. The results revealed key insights. The IPCC methodology demonstrated that larger WWTPs emit more GHGs overall, given its reliance on scale-driven calculations. The GHG Inventory Tool pointed out that although the largest station had the highest total emissions, a WWTP with 3 times less the population produced the highest per capita emissions due to the use of complex treatment processes. The Bridle Model provided a granular perspective, showing how smaller populations and process complexity could amplify per capita emissions. This research concludes that WWTPs are significant contributors to GHG emissions, necessitating rigorous quantification methods to support mitigation strategies. Although existing methods have strengths—such as simplicity and accessibility—they also face challenges, such as limited studies for validation and application. Among the tools, the GHG Inventory Tool emerged as the most practical for operational plants, while the Bridle Model is better suited for planning and process selection phases. Additionally, this study emphasizes the potential for carbon dioxide, often overlooked in GHG inventories, to become a focus of future research due to the increasing presence of non-fossil carbon sources, such as detergents and PFAs, in WWTP influents. This work contributes to advancing sustainable wastewater management and aligns with new European Union regulations targeting energy neutrality and reduced emissions by 2045.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
GHG Emissions Wastewater treatment GHG quantification