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Impacto da crise económica na saúde das crianças: análise das percepções de profissionais de saúde do ACES de Sintra
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Resumo(s)
Introdução: Portugal tem vivido um clima socioeconómico desfavorável com redução de rendimentos e aumento da taxa de desemprego , acompanhados do aumento da taxa de pobreza. Estes factores são determinantes de saúde nas populações e sabe-se que, nestas circunstâncias, é provável uma influência negativa na saúde. As crianças
são um grupo particularmente vulnerável. Contudo, os estudos sobre os efeitos da crise económica na saúde das crianças são escassos. Importa, assim, conhecer melhor esta problemática e identificar os factores envolvidos para que se possam tomar medidas adequadas.
Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto da crise económica na saúde das crianças , através das percepções de profissionais de saúde do ACES de Sintra .
Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal , com abordagem mista. O estudo qualitativo utilizou uma amostra de conveniência de 7 profissionais de saúde; os dados foram colhidos por entrevistas em profundidade e analisados por análise qualitativa de conteúdo. O estudo quantitativo é censitário , realizado a 209 enfermeiros e médicos da saúde infantil do ACES de Sintra; o instrumento de recolha de dados consistiu num questionário , construído com base no estudo qualitativo ; a análise de dados foi feita por análise quantitativa de conteúdo e análise estatística
descritiva e bivariada.
Resultados: Um aumento de casos de alterações de comportamento e crises de ansiedade nas crianças, de patologias dermatológicas e de cáries dentárias, foram as situações clínicas mais referidas. Outros factores relevantes incluem as tensões familiares e a falta de disponibilidade dos pais, os casos de incumprimento de terapêutica ou dificuldade de transporte até às consultas por carências económicas e uma alimentação de baixo valor nutricional. Foi, também, referida uma oferta insuficiente de consultas de psicologia, pedopsiquiatria e medicina dentária. De um modo geral, existe a percepção da necessidade de aumentar a promoção da saúde e de que os cuidados de saúde primários não têm recursos humanos suficientes para mitigar os efeitos da crise económica na saúde das crianças. A longo prazo, os efeitos apontados foram um aumento de patologia de saúde mental e dos níveis de obesidade.
Conclusão: O impacto da crise económica nas relações familiares e a falta de disponibilidade dos pais, é preocupação da maioria dos profissionais de saúde .A percepção de que os efeitos da crise se traduzirão na saúde mental e no aumento dos níveis de obesidade nas crianças , reforça a necessidade de aumentar a oferta de consultas de valências da saúde mental e de atividades de promoção da saúde. Por outro lado, a percepção da falta de recursos humanos para mitigar os efeitos da crise na saúde das crianças , implica o reforço da capacidade de resposta dos cuidados de saúde primários. Este estudo indica a existência de um impacto negativo na saúde das crianças e importância de este ser avaliado no resto do país. O questionário desenvolvido e usado neste estudo poderá servir como base para o desenvolvimento de uma escala para esse fim.
Introduction: Portugal has experienced an unfavourable socioeconomic climate with a decrease in family income and increased unemployment, followed by increasing poverty rates. These factors are determinants of health which under such circumstances, can cause a negative impact on overall health. Children are a particularly vulnerable group. However, studies on the effects of the economic crisis on child health are scarce. Therefore, it is important to gain more knowledge of this issue in order to implement appropriate measures to mitigate the effects of the economic crisis on the health of children. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the economic crisis on child health through the perceptions of health professionals from the ACES ( Group of Primary Care Health Centres ) of Sintra, Portugal. Materials and Methods: Observational and cross sectional study with a mixed methods approach. The qualitative study used a convenience sample made of 7 healthcare professionals; the data was collected with in-depth interviews and analysed by qualitative content analysis. The quantitative study was a census study, data collection was carried out with a questionnaire designed from the results of the qualitative study and applied to 209 nurses and doctors working in child health in the ACES of Sintra,; quantitative content analysis and descriptive statistics with bivariate analysis of data were used. Results: An increase in behaviour difficulties and anxiety in children, in skin disorders and tooth decay were the most frequently perceived clinical cases. Other relevant factors included stress in the family, lack of parental availability, cases of unfinished treatments due to financial hardship, difficulty in affording transport to appointments and diets with low nutritional value. Also mentioned was the insufficient number of available psychology, child psychiatry and dental consultations. In general, there was the perception of the need to increase health promotion and that the human health resources in primary care are not enough to mitigate the effects of the economic crisis on child healthcare. In the long term, the main effects perceived were an increase in mental health cases and obesity . Conclusion: The impact of the economic crisis on family relations and the time pressure experienced by parents is a main concern of healthcare professionals. The perception that the effects of the economic crisis will have an impact on the mental health and obesity levels of children furthermore illustrates the need to increase the availability of mental health appointments and health promotion activities. On the other hand, the perception that there is a lack of human health resources to mitigate the effect of the economic crisis on children, supports the importance of strengthening this dimension on primary healthcare services. This study confirms that there is a perceived negative impact on the health of children and therefore the need to evaluate other parts of the country. The questionnaire designed in this study could provide the basis for the development of a scale to carry out such evaluation.
Introduction: Portugal has experienced an unfavourable socioeconomic climate with a decrease in family income and increased unemployment, followed by increasing poverty rates. These factors are determinants of health which under such circumstances, can cause a negative impact on overall health. Children are a particularly vulnerable group. However, studies on the effects of the economic crisis on child health are scarce. Therefore, it is important to gain more knowledge of this issue in order to implement appropriate measures to mitigate the effects of the economic crisis on the health of children. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the economic crisis on child health through the perceptions of health professionals from the ACES ( Group of Primary Care Health Centres ) of Sintra, Portugal. Materials and Methods: Observational and cross sectional study with a mixed methods approach. The qualitative study used a convenience sample made of 7 healthcare professionals; the data was collected with in-depth interviews and analysed by qualitative content analysis. The quantitative study was a census study, data collection was carried out with a questionnaire designed from the results of the qualitative study and applied to 209 nurses and doctors working in child health in the ACES of Sintra,; quantitative content analysis and descriptive statistics with bivariate analysis of data were used. Results: An increase in behaviour difficulties and anxiety in children, in skin disorders and tooth decay were the most frequently perceived clinical cases. Other relevant factors included stress in the family, lack of parental availability, cases of unfinished treatments due to financial hardship, difficulty in affording transport to appointments and diets with low nutritional value. Also mentioned was the insufficient number of available psychology, child psychiatry and dental consultations. In general, there was the perception of the need to increase health promotion and that the human health resources in primary care are not enough to mitigate the effects of the economic crisis on child healthcare. In the long term, the main effects perceived were an increase in mental health cases and obesity . Conclusion: The impact of the economic crisis on family relations and the time pressure experienced by parents is a main concern of healthcare professionals. The perception that the effects of the economic crisis will have an impact on the mental health and obesity levels of children furthermore illustrates the need to increase the availability of mental health appointments and health promotion activities. On the other hand, the perception that there is a lack of human health resources to mitigate the effect of the economic crisis on children, supports the importance of strengthening this dimension on primary healthcare services. This study confirms that there is a perceived negative impact on the health of children and therefore the need to evaluate other parts of the country. The questionnaire designed in this study could provide the basis for the development of a scale to carry out such evaluation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública Saúde infantil Saúde mental Obesidade Crianças Crise económica Determinantes da saúde
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical