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Fatores associados a baixa cobertura vacinal de tétano nas grávidas na região sanitária de Cacheu (Guiné-Bissau), 2017 a 2019
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Introdução: A administração da vacina contra o tétano em mulheres grávidas é a forma
mais eficaz de prevenir o tétano materno e neonatal. Vários fatores estão relacionados
com a baixa cobertura vacinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores
associados à baixa cobertura vacinal nas grávidas da região sanitária de Cacheu. Método:
Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional analítico e transversal. A amostra
incluiu 752 mulheres grávidas, 30 assistentes comunitários e 20 profissionais de saúde
incluídos em 10 estruturas de saúde da região sanitária de Cacheu. Para a identificação
dos fatores associados, efetuou-se uma análise estatística por meio do software SPSS,
(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versão 28.0. A análise estatística envolveu
medidas de estatística descritiva (frequências absolutas e relativas para variáveis
qualitativas e mediana e intervalo interquartil para a variável quantitativa idade) e
estatística inferencial. Para testar a associação entre cobertura vacinal e variáveis
qualitativas foram utilizados o teste Qui-quadrado de independência e regressão logística.
O nível de significância (α) foi fixado em 0,05. Resultados: foram aplicados
questionários desenhados especificamente para cada um dos grupos estudados em 10
estruturas, que incluíram questões, cujas variáveis foram introduzidas e analisadas no
SPSS. A taxa de vacinação observada nas grávidas em relação à vacinação anti-tetânica
foi de 29,9%. De acordo com a análise bivariada, verificou-se que a cobertura vacinal
está significativamente associada à idade (p = 0,007), observando-se que a faixa etária
acima de 41 anos apresentou maior cobertura vacinal (45,2%) relativamente ao grupo das
grávidas entre os 15 e 20 anos. Conclusões: A identificação dos fatores associados à
vacinação contra o tétano em gestantes é essencial para fortalecer o programa de
imunização e aumentar a taxa de vacinação em gestantes. Neste estudo contribuímos para
esse conhecimento e propomos medidas para aumentar a taxa de vacinação.
Introduction : Administration of the tetanus vaccine to pregnant women is the most effective way to prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus. Several factors are related to low vaccination coverage. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with low vaccination coverage in pregnant women in the Cacheu health region. Method : This is an analytical and cross-sectional observational epidemiological study. The sample included 752 pregnant women, 30 community workers and 20 health professionals from 10 health facilities in the Cacheu health region. To identify the associated factors, statistical analysis was used using the SPSS software, (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 28.0. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics measures (absolute and relative frequencies for qualitative variables and median and interquartile range for the quantitative variable age) and inferential statistics. To test the association between vaccination coverage and qualitative variables, the Chi-square test of independence and logistic regression were used. The significance level (α) was set at 0.05. Results : questionnaires designed specifically for each of the groups studied were applied in 10 structures, which included questions, which variables were entered and analyzed in SPSS. The vaccination rate observed in pregnant women in relation to anti-tetanus vaccination was 29.9%. According to the bivariate analysis, vaccination coverage was significantly associated with age (p = 0.007), with the over-41 age group showing higher vaccination coverage (45.2%) than the group of pregnant women Under 21. Conclusions: Identification of factors associated with tetanus vaccination in pregnant women is essential to strengthen the immunization program to increase the vaccination rate in pregnant women. In this study we contribute to this knowledge and propose measures to increase the vaccination rate.
Introduction : Administration of the tetanus vaccine to pregnant women is the most effective way to prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus. Several factors are related to low vaccination coverage. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with low vaccination coverage in pregnant women in the Cacheu health region. Method : This is an analytical and cross-sectional observational epidemiological study. The sample included 752 pregnant women, 30 community workers and 20 health professionals from 10 health facilities in the Cacheu health region. To identify the associated factors, statistical analysis was used using the SPSS software, (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 28.0. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics measures (absolute and relative frequencies for qualitative variables and median and interquartile range for the quantitative variable age) and inferential statistics. To test the association between vaccination coverage and qualitative variables, the Chi-square test of independence and logistic regression were used. The significance level (α) was set at 0.05. Results : questionnaires designed specifically for each of the groups studied were applied in 10 structures, which included questions, which variables were entered and analyzed in SPSS. The vaccination rate observed in pregnant women in relation to anti-tetanus vaccination was 29.9%. According to the bivariate analysis, vaccination coverage was significantly associated with age (p = 0.007), with the over-41 age group showing higher vaccination coverage (45.2%) than the group of pregnant women Under 21. Conclusions: Identification of factors associated with tetanus vaccination in pregnant women is essential to strengthen the immunization program to increase the vaccination rate in pregnant women. In this study we contribute to this knowledge and propose measures to increase the vaccination rate.
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Palavras-chave
Saúde pública Vacinação Tétano Grávidas Cacheu Guiné-Bissau