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As novas práticas de narração oral e os usos da tradição: narrativas tradicionais cabo-verdianas e o patrimônio cultural imaterial
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A presente investigação constitui um mapeamento contemporâneo do repertório das narrativas tradicionais cabo-verdianas com suporte na memória coletiva, desenvolvido entre 2019 e 2021 nas ilhas de Santiago e São Vicente, em Portugal e, dada a pandemia, online. Em se tratando de uma tipologia de corpus vivamente conexa às estruturas socioculturais que a circundam, as suas objetificações científicas e políticas são matéria cara a múltiplas disciplinas. Por isso, nesse exercício de observação dos usos semânticos e práticos do repertório mapeado, três principais lentes analíticas foram basilares: a etnográfica, a da recolha literária e a dos Estudos Críticos do Patrimônio. A partir das demandas “quem conta histórias?”, “quais são elas?”, “como as conta?” e “para quê?”, três contextos de análise primordiais emergiram, sendo eles o da narração oral profissionalizada, o da interpretação institucional e o da narração oral tradicional, o último aqui definido com base na centralidade da memória enquanto arquivo.
Atento aos usos da tradição, este projeto teve início com o acompanhamento das recriações artísticas de contadores de histórias profissionais cabo-verdianos residentes nas ilhas e em Portugal. Em adição à performance, o exame da reiteração profissionalizada do corpus ocasionou preocupações acerca da sua instrumentalização política e, mais especificamente, da sua identificação contemporânea com a semântica patrimonial. O Arquivo de Tradições Orais, constituído no período pós-independência, foi ferramenta fundamental de pesquisa e de interpretação das práticas políticas que circundam tal repertório. Observaram-se, assim, problemáticas relativas ao enquadramento em âmbito institucional das narrativas tradicionais cabo-verdianas, bem como a interpretação e a instrumentalização do conceito de patrimônio cultural imaterial (UNESCO, 2003) por parte do Estado de Cabo Verde.
Já o contexto tradicional de circulação foi abordado por meio das recolhas etnográfica e literária em um esforço reflexivo de contraposição entre o cânone veiculado nos demais âmbitos de análise e a realidade contemporânea dos contadores em tal universo. Uma vez que se trata de uma investigação em que se debatem os usos da tradição, a análise comparativa entre versões serviu à compreensão dos mecanismos por trás da adaptação e da reiteração do corpus mapeado. Foi a partir do exame da viva interação entre os três universos que emergiram respostas às demandas inicialmente apresentadas e que melhor se interpretou o valor atribuído, no contexto cabo-verdiano, à narração oral e ao repertório analisado.
Carried out between 2019 and 2021 in Cape Verde, Portugal, and, due to the pandemic, online, this research constitutes a contemporary mapping of traditional Cape Verdean narratives, here defined based on the centrality of collective memory as an archive. As this type of corpus is closely linked to surrounding socio-cultural structures, its scientific and political objectifications are relevant to multiple disciplines. Therefore, to observe the semantic and practical uses of the mapped repertoire, three main analytical lenses were essential: the ethnographic, the literary, and the Critical Heritage Studies’ perspectives. Based on the questions ‘who tells stories?’, ‘which stories?’, ‘how are they told?’, and ‘what for?’, three primary contexts of analysis were identified: the repertoire’s professionalised oral storytelling, its traditional realm, and the corpus’ institutional interpretation. Concerned with the uses of tradition, this project began with the observation of artistic recreations by professional Cape Verdean storytellers living both on the islands and in Portugal. Besides the performative aspect, such professionalised uses of the corpus led to concerns regarding its political instrumentalisation and, more specifically, its contemporary identification with heritage semantics. The “Arquivo de Tradições Orais”, created during the post-independence period, was a fundamental research and interpretative tool regarding the political agendas aimed at such repertoire. Issues relating to the institutional framing of traditional Cape Verdean narratives were observed, as well as matters concerning Cape Verde’s interpretation of the “intangible cultural heritage” concept (UNESCO, 2003). The traditional context was addressed through ethnographic and literary methodologies. The contemporary reality of storytellers in this realm was then compared to the canon conveyed in the two other analysed fields. Comparative analysis between narratives fostered the examination of mechanisms central to the repertoire’s textual adaptations. By mapping the interactions between the three scenarios, answers to the questions initially presented emerged, and the value attributed to oral storytelling and the repertoire in the Cape Verdean context was more clearly interpreted.
Carried out between 2019 and 2021 in Cape Verde, Portugal, and, due to the pandemic, online, this research constitutes a contemporary mapping of traditional Cape Verdean narratives, here defined based on the centrality of collective memory as an archive. As this type of corpus is closely linked to surrounding socio-cultural structures, its scientific and political objectifications are relevant to multiple disciplines. Therefore, to observe the semantic and practical uses of the mapped repertoire, three main analytical lenses were essential: the ethnographic, the literary, and the Critical Heritage Studies’ perspectives. Based on the questions ‘who tells stories?’, ‘which stories?’, ‘how are they told?’, and ‘what for?’, three primary contexts of analysis were identified: the repertoire’s professionalised oral storytelling, its traditional realm, and the corpus’ institutional interpretation. Concerned with the uses of tradition, this project began with the observation of artistic recreations by professional Cape Verdean storytellers living both on the islands and in Portugal. Besides the performative aspect, such professionalised uses of the corpus led to concerns regarding its political instrumentalisation and, more specifically, its contemporary identification with heritage semantics. The “Arquivo de Tradições Orais”, created during the post-independence period, was a fundamental research and interpretative tool regarding the political agendas aimed at such repertoire. Issues relating to the institutional framing of traditional Cape Verdean narratives were observed, as well as matters concerning Cape Verde’s interpretation of the “intangible cultural heritage” concept (UNESCO, 2003). The traditional context was addressed through ethnographic and literary methodologies. The contemporary reality of storytellers in this realm was then compared to the canon conveyed in the two other analysed fields. Comparative analysis between narratives fostered the examination of mechanisms central to the repertoire’s textual adaptations. By mapping the interactions between the three scenarios, answers to the questions initially presented emerged, and the value attributed to oral storytelling and the repertoire in the Cape Verdean context was more clearly interpreted.
Descrição
Doutoramento em associação com o ISCTE
Palavras-chave
Narrativas tradicionais Património cultural imaterial Narração oral Tradição Performance Traditional narratives Intangible cultural heritage Oral storytelling Tradition