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Composição de modelos utilizando operações regulares em OCamlFLAT/OFLAT
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A teoria FLAT (Formal Languages and Automata Theory) é uma área importantíssima,
que corresponde a parte dos fundamentos da Informática. No entanto, a sua natureza
matemática e formal nem sempre permite aos alunos entenderem por completo os seus
diferentes conceitos. Para apoiar o ensino desta teoria têm sido desenvolvidas múltiplas
ferramentas informáticas que tentam ajudar os alunos de forma visual e intuitiva.
Duas ferramentas desenvolvidas na FCT/UNL são a biblioteca OCamlFLAT e a apli-
cação Web OFLAT. Ambas as ferramentas foram escritas em OCaml, tentando usar delibe-
radamente um estilo funcional declarativo, que em alguns casos se consegue aproximar
dos formalismos teóricos ensinados aos alunos. As duas ferramentas encontram-se em
evolução e crescimento.
Esta dissertação adicionou uma funcionalidade que é praticamente ausente nas fer-
ramentas existentes: a composição de modelos. Foi dada primazia à composição usando
as operações regulares (união, a concatenação e o fecho de Kleene), mas também foi
considerada a operação de interseção, para introduzir um exemplo de operação não
regular.
A intervenção ocorreu ao nível da biblioteca, com a introdução de novas representa-
ções e novas operações (por exemplo, o cálculo de um autómato finito a partir de uma
composição de autómatos finitos), e ao nível da aplicação gráfica, com a criação de uma
interface pedagógica para lidar com a composição de modelos.
FLAT theory (Formal Languages and Automata Theory) is a very important area, which corresponds to part of the foundations of Information Technology. However, its mathe- matical and formal nature does not always allow students to fully understand its different concepts. To support the teaching of this theory, multiple computer tools have been developed that try to help students in a visual and intuitive way. Two tools developed at FCT/UNL are the OCamlFLAT library and the OFLAT web application. Both tools were written in OCaml, trying to deliberately use a declarative functional style, which in some cases comes close to the theoretical formalisms taught to students. Both tools are evolving and growing. This dissertation added a functionality that is practically absent in existing tools: model composition. Priority was given to composition using the regular operations (union, concatenation and Kleene closure), but the intersection operation was also considered, to introduce an example of a non-regular operation. The intervention took place at the library level, with the introduction of new repre- sentations and new operations (for example, the calculation of a finite automaton from a composition of finite automata), and at the graphical application level, with the creation of a pedagogical interface to deal with the composition of models.
FLAT theory (Formal Languages and Automata Theory) is a very important area, which corresponds to part of the foundations of Information Technology. However, its mathe- matical and formal nature does not always allow students to fully understand its different concepts. To support the teaching of this theory, multiple computer tools have been developed that try to help students in a visual and intuitive way. Two tools developed at FCT/UNL are the OCamlFLAT library and the OFLAT web application. Both tools were written in OCaml, trying to deliberately use a declarative functional style, which in some cases comes close to the theoretical formalisms taught to students. Both tools are evolving and growing. This dissertation added a functionality that is practically absent in existing tools: model composition. Priority was given to composition using the regular operations (union, concatenation and Kleene closure), but the intersection operation was also considered, to introduce an example of a non-regular operation. The intervention took place at the library level, with the introduction of new repre- sentations and new operations (for example, the calculation of a finite automaton from a composition of finite automata), and at the graphical application level, with the creation of a pedagogical interface to deal with the composition of models.
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Palavras-chave
Teoria da Computação Composição de Modelos Interface gráfica pedagógica