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U3Design: Metodologia centrada no utilizador para a manufatura aditiva de dispositivos de assistência
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Após lesões neurológicas ou amputações, um dos principais objetivos do individuo é
recuperar as funções normais do membro afetado, bem como efetuar atividades quotidianas
de forma independente. De modo a acelerar este processo, dispositivos de assistência são es-
senciais, contudo, estes são regularmente produzidos em massa, comprometendo a aceitação
e satisfação do utilizador. Assim, no decorrer do processo de design e produção, as necessida-
des e requisitos dos utilizadores devem ser considerados, permitindo o desenvolvimento de
dispositivos centrados no utilizador.
Neste âmbito, e tendo em conta a importância da padronização do processo de desen-
volvimento de dispositivos de assistência pelo 3D Printing Center for Health, a presente disser-
tação propõe uma metodologia, U3Design, cujo objetivo consiste em auxiliar voluntários do
centro no processo de desenvolvimento de dispositivos de assistência, favorecendo e unifor-
mizando a aplicação da abordagem User-Centered Design. A U3Design contempla quatro fases:
o levantamento de necessidades do utilizador e restantes stakeholders; o apuramento e classifi-
cação dos requisitos de utilização; a conversão destes em requisitos técnicos através da aplica-
ção da Casa da Qualidade e adaptação ou modelação do dispositivo de assistência, bem como
a sua impressão; e por fim, a testagem e entrega do dispositivo, incluindo a aplicação do ques-
tionário de usabilidade, Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale.
Posteriormente ao desenvolvimento da U3Design esta passou por um processo de vali-
dação em ambiente de laboratório. Este processo consistiu na realização da maioria das fases
da U3Design simulando a necessidade de adaptar uma prótese após o crescimento de uma
criança. Tendo-se obtido, no final, uma pontuação de 1,25 no questionário de usabilidade. Esta
classificação, apesar de positiva, demonstra oportunidades de melhoria, em particular relati-
vamente à aparência e estética do dispositivo. No entanto, considera-se relevante que, no fu-
turo, a U3Design seja testado em contexto real, permitindo uma avaliação mais precisa do seu
desempenho.
After neurological injuries or amputations, one of the individual's primary goal is to re- store the normal functions of the affected limb, as well as to perform daily activities inde- pendently. To accelerate the rehabilitation process, assistive devices are crucial. However, these are usually mass-produced, compromising the users’ acceptance and satisfaction. There- fore, throughout the design and production process, users' needs and requirements should be considered, enabling the development of user centered assistive devices. In this context and considering the importance of standardizing the development pro- cess of assistive devices at the 3D Printing Center for Health, this thesis proposes a methodol- ogy, U3Design, which aims to help the center's volunteers in the process of developing assis- tive devices, favoring the application of the User-Centered Design approach. U3Design has four phases: identifying the user and stakeholders' needs; determining and classifying user requirements; conversion of those into technical requirements by applying House of Quality, adapting or modeling of the assistive device, as well as it's printing; and finally, testing and delivery of the device, including the application of the usability questionnaire, Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale. U3Design was validated in a laboratory environment following it's development. This process consisted of performing most of the phases of U3Design, simulating the need to adapt a device after a child has grown. Having obtained a final score of 1,25 in the usability questionnaire. This score, although positive, shows there's potential for improvement, in particular regarding the appearance and aesthetics of the device. However, it's deemed relevant and opportune for U3Design to be tested in a real context in the future, allowing for a more precise evaluation of it's performance.
After neurological injuries or amputations, one of the individual's primary goal is to re- store the normal functions of the affected limb, as well as to perform daily activities inde- pendently. To accelerate the rehabilitation process, assistive devices are crucial. However, these are usually mass-produced, compromising the users’ acceptance and satisfaction. There- fore, throughout the design and production process, users' needs and requirements should be considered, enabling the development of user centered assistive devices. In this context and considering the importance of standardizing the development pro- cess of assistive devices at the 3D Printing Center for Health, this thesis proposes a methodol- ogy, U3Design, which aims to help the center's volunteers in the process of developing assis- tive devices, favoring the application of the User-Centered Design approach. U3Design has four phases: identifying the user and stakeholders' needs; determining and classifying user requirements; conversion of those into technical requirements by applying House of Quality, adapting or modeling of the assistive device, as well as it's printing; and finally, testing and delivery of the device, including the application of the usability questionnaire, Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale. U3Design was validated in a laboratory environment following it's development. This process consisted of performing most of the phases of U3Design, simulating the need to adapt a device after a child has grown. Having obtained a final score of 1,25 in the usability questionnaire. This score, although positive, shows there's potential for improvement, in particular regarding the appearance and aesthetics of the device. However, it's deemed relevant and opportune for U3Design to be tested in a real context in the future, allowing for a more precise evaluation of it's performance.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Dispositivos de Assistência Manufatura Aditiva UCD Usabilidade