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Aplicação de Ferramentas Lean para a Melhoria da Eficiência de uma Linha de Montagem de Painéis de Instrumentos para Automóveis
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A complexidade dos componentes eletrónicos tem vindo a aumentar de forma muito
acentuada, especialmente com o aparecimento dos automóveis elétricos. Também o
crescimento da indústria automóvel traduz-se num aumento procura de componentes para
automóveis, estes fatores resultam num aumento da competitividade entre as empresas deste
setor, de forma a satisfazer as necessidades do cliente.
Neste sentido torna-se essencial para as empresas a aplicação de certas medidas que
contribuam para o aumento na eficiência dos seus processos, tentando manter uma filosofia de
melhoria continua em toda a organização. A redução dos custos de produção, é um dos
principais objetivos das empresas, existindo diversas formas de o alcançar, tais como a redução
de desperdícios, melhorias nos processos tanto a nível produtivo como logístico, redução na
variabilidade entre processos e melhorias na qualidade do produto final.
Na presente dissertação é realizado um estudo sobre linha de montagem de painéis de
instrumentos para veículos de passageiros numa empresa multinacional, com o intuito de
aumentar a sua capacidade produtiva, a partir da melhoria da sua eficiência. Para tal foi
decidido seguir os princípios da metodologia Lean, e foram também utilizadas algumas das suas
ferramentas, nomeadamente, VSM, diagramas de esparguete e kanban. Com os a aplicação dos
métodos selecionadas foi então possível a identificação de oportunidades de melhoria e
posterior melhoria da eficiência de certos processos da linha de montagem.
Os objetivos propostos foram alcançados, ao mostrar que é possível obter uma redução
no tempo de ciclo da linha de montagem em 5,27% e uma redução de distância nos percursos
de reabastecimento de 53,8%. Os resultados obtidos equivalem a um aumento de 15,5 dias úteis
de trabalho anuais. Tal permite que a empresa se foque noutro tipo de melhorias, noutros
setores.
The complexity of electronic components has increased dramatically, especially with the advent of electric cars. The growth of the automotive industry has also led to an increase in demand for automotive components, resulting in increased competitiveness between companies in this sector in order to satisfy customer needs. In this sense, it is essential for companies to apply certain measures that contribute to increasing the efficiency of their processes, trying to maintain a philosophy of continuous improvement throughout the organization. Reducing production costs is one of the main objectives for companies, and there are various ways of achieving this, such as reducing waste, improving processes at both the production and logistics levels, reducing variability between processes and improving the quality of the end product. In this dissertation, a study is carried out on the assembly line for passenger car instrument panels in a multinational company, with the aim of increasing its production capacity by improving its efficiency. To this end, it was decided to follow the principles of Lean methodology, and some of its tools were also used, namely VSM, spaghetti diagrams and kanban. By applying the selected methods, it was then possible to identify opportunities for improvement and subsequently improve the efficiency of certain processes on the assembly line. The proposed objectives were achieved, showing that it is possible to obtain a reduction in the assembly line's cycle time of 5.27% and a 53.8% reduction in the distance travelled for replenishment. The results obtained are equivalent to an increase of 15.5 working days per year. This allows the company to focus on other types of improvements in other sectors.
The complexity of electronic components has increased dramatically, especially with the advent of electric cars. The growth of the automotive industry has also led to an increase in demand for automotive components, resulting in increased competitiveness between companies in this sector in order to satisfy customer needs. In this sense, it is essential for companies to apply certain measures that contribute to increasing the efficiency of their processes, trying to maintain a philosophy of continuous improvement throughout the organization. Reducing production costs is one of the main objectives for companies, and there are various ways of achieving this, such as reducing waste, improving processes at both the production and logistics levels, reducing variability between processes and improving the quality of the end product. In this dissertation, a study is carried out on the assembly line for passenger car instrument panels in a multinational company, with the aim of increasing its production capacity by improving its efficiency. To this end, it was decided to follow the principles of Lean methodology, and some of its tools were also used, namely VSM, spaghetti diagrams and kanban. By applying the selected methods, it was then possible to identify opportunities for improvement and subsequently improve the efficiency of certain processes on the assembly line. The proposed objectives were achieved, showing that it is possible to obtain a reduction in the assembly line's cycle time of 5.27% and a 53.8% reduction in the distance travelled for replenishment. The results obtained are equivalent to an increase of 15.5 working days per year. This allows the company to focus on other types of improvements in other sectors.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Lean VSM melhoria continua diagrama de esparguete