| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.04 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O cancro é uma doença caracterizada pelo crescimento e desenvolvimento descontrolado
de células no corpo, sendo associado a elevados níveis de mortalidade. Neste contexto, a
fototerapia tem ganho relevância, especialmente por apresentar uma redução de efeitos
secundários em comparação com outras formas de tratamento como a quimioterapia ou
a radioterapia, uma vez que utiliza radiação não ionizante.
Apesar dos grandes avanços nesta área, vários parâmetros de otimização ainda estão
a ser explorados como deposição, tamanho e tipo de agentes fotossensibilizantes, ou con-
dições operacionais do laser, como potência e zona de incidência. Desta forma, existe a
necessidade de desenvolver técnicas de irradiação que permitam controlar a dimensão da
área iluminada e a adequar à dimensão do tumor, com o objetivo de minimizar o dano
em tecido saudável.
Numa tentativa de combater este problema, um sistema de irradiação por laser utili-
zando ótica de varrimento foi desenvolvido, permitindo controlar energia, tempo e área
irradiada através do uso de espelhos galvanométricos. O software de controlo, imple-
mentado em Python, faz uso de um microcontrolador e de um conversor de digital para
analógico para produzir um sinal correspondente ao padrão de varrimento pretendido.
Esta abordagem mostrou ser capaz de irradiar qualquer ponto numa área máxima
de 5 cm de largura por 5 cm de altura, bem como fazer o controlo e monitorização da
temperatura de uma região de interesse ao longo do tempo.
Embora os resultados sejam promissores, ainda existe a necessidade de executar testes
in vivo, estudar novos padrões de varrimento e explorar a capacidade de fazer um controlo
não homogéneo da região de interesse.
Cancer is a disease characterised by the uncontrolled growth and development of cells in the body and is associated with high levels of mortality. In this context, phototherapy has gained relevance, especially because it has fewer side effects than other forms of treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, since it uses non-ionising radiation. Despite the great advances in this area, various optimisation parameters are still being explored, such as deposition, size and type of photosensitising agents, or laser operating conditions, such as power and incidence zone. As such, there is a need to develop irradia- tion techniques that make it possible to control the size of the illuminated area and adapt it to the size of the tumour, with the intention of minimising damage to healthy tissue. In an attempt to combat this problem, a laser irradiation system using scanning optics was developed, allowing the control of energy, time and irradiated area through the use of galvanometric mirrors. The control software, implemented in Python, makes use of a microcontroller and a digital-to-analogue converter to produce a signal corresponding to the desired scanning pattern. This approach has proved capable of irradiating any point in a maximum area of 5 cm wide by 5 cm high, as well as controlling and monitoring the temperature of a region of interest over time. Although the results are promising, there is still a need to conduct in vivo tests, study new scanning patterns, and explore the ability to achieve non-homogeneous control of the region of interest.
Cancer is a disease characterised by the uncontrolled growth and development of cells in the body and is associated with high levels of mortality. In this context, phototherapy has gained relevance, especially because it has fewer side effects than other forms of treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, since it uses non-ionising radiation. Despite the great advances in this area, various optimisation parameters are still being explored, such as deposition, size and type of photosensitising agents, or laser operating conditions, such as power and incidence zone. As such, there is a need to develop irradia- tion techniques that make it possible to control the size of the illuminated area and adapt it to the size of the tumour, with the intention of minimising damage to healthy tissue. In an attempt to combat this problem, a laser irradiation system using scanning optics was developed, allowing the control of energy, time and irradiated area through the use of galvanometric mirrors. The control software, implemented in Python, makes use of a microcontroller and a digital-to-analogue converter to produce a signal corresponding to the desired scanning pattern. This approach has proved capable of irradiating any point in a maximum area of 5 cm wide by 5 cm high, as well as controlling and monitoring the temperature of a region of interest over time. Although the results are promising, there is still a need to conduct in vivo tests, study new scanning patterns, and explore the ability to achieve non-homogeneous control of the region of interest.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fototerapia Terapia fototérmica Laser Sistema de irradiação Ótica de varrimento Espelhos galvanométricos
