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Projeto de um amplificador de potência para simulações Power Hardware in the Loop
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Este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento e a simulação de um amplificador de potência
de modo comutado, projetado para operar em um ambiente de simulação em tempo real
Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL). No contexto de uma simulação PHIL, o amplificador
de potência atua como um intermediário entre o simulador em tempo real e o equipamento
em teste, convertendo os sinais gerados pelo simulador, como o Opal OP4610XG, cujas
saídas variam entre 0 e 24 V, para a escala adequada do dispositivo de potência. O principal
desafio deste projeto é desenvolver um amplificador capaz de testar diferentes tipos de
equipamentos de potência, com flexibilidade para operar tanto com sinais AC quanto
DC, assim como monofásicos ou trifásicos, garantindo precisão e estabilidade para não
comprometer o ambiente simulado.
O amplificador de potência proposto possui uma potência máxima de 5 kW, fator de
potência unitário, é bidirecional e capaz de operar nos quatro quadrantes, tanto como
carga quanto como gerador. A arquitetura projetada inclui um retificador trifásico e três
inversores monofásicos com díodos e Mosfets. O retificador é responsável por manter uma
tensão constante na saída, sendo essa tensão utilizada diretamente quando o amplificador
opera em modo DC. Quando em modo AC, o retificador mantém uma tensão constante
de 500 V, e os inversores convertem essa tensão DC para a tensão alternada desejada
na saída, conforme a referência fornecida pelo simulador. Os resultados das simulações
indicaram que o amplificador replicou com sucesso os sinais de referência, demonstrando
o desempenho esperado. No entanto, verificou-se uma taxa de distorção harmónica das
correntes na rede significativamente superior a pretendida.
This study proposes the development and simulation of a switched-mode power ampli- fier designed to operate in a real-time Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) simulation environment. In a PHIL simulation, the power amplifier serves as an interface between the real-time simulator and the equipment under test, converting the signals generated by the simulator, such as the Opal OP4610XG, whose output ranges from 0 to 24 V, to the appropriate scale for the power device. The main challenge of this project is to develop an amplifier capable of testing various power equipment, with the flexibility to operate with both AC and DC signals, as well as single-phase and three-phase systems, while ensuring accuracy and stability without compromising the simulation environment. The proposed amplifier has a maximum power of 5 kW, operates with a unity power factor, is bidirectional, and can function in all four quadrants, both as a load and as a generator. Its architecture includes a three-phase rectifier and three single-phase inverters equipped with diodes and Mosfets. The rectifier is responsible for maintaining a constant output voltage, which is used directly in DC mode. When operating in AC mode, the rectifier maintains a constant 500 V, which is then converted by the inverters into the desired AC voltage, according to the reference provided by the simulator. The simulation results showed that the amplifier successfully replicated the reference signals, demonstrating the expected performance. However, the harmonic distortion rate of the currents in the network was significantly higher than desired.
This study proposes the development and simulation of a switched-mode power ampli- fier designed to operate in a real-time Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) simulation environment. In a PHIL simulation, the power amplifier serves as an interface between the real-time simulator and the equipment under test, converting the signals generated by the simulator, such as the Opal OP4610XG, whose output ranges from 0 to 24 V, to the appropriate scale for the power device. The main challenge of this project is to develop an amplifier capable of testing various power equipment, with the flexibility to operate with both AC and DC signals, as well as single-phase and three-phase systems, while ensuring accuracy and stability without compromising the simulation environment. The proposed amplifier has a maximum power of 5 kW, operates with a unity power factor, is bidirectional, and can function in all four quadrants, both as a load and as a generator. Its architecture includes a three-phase rectifier and three single-phase inverters equipped with diodes and Mosfets. The rectifier is responsible for maintaining a constant output voltage, which is used directly in DC mode. When operating in AC mode, the rectifier maintains a constant 500 V, which is then converted by the inverters into the desired AC voltage, according to the reference provided by the simulator. The simulation results showed that the amplifier successfully replicated the reference signals, demonstrating the expected performance. However, the harmonic distortion rate of the currents in the network was significantly higher than desired.
Descrição
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Simulação em tempo real Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) Amplificador de potência em PHIL