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Monitorização da estabilidade de infraestruturas de contenção de resíduos com base em técnicas de deteção remota
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Atualmente, em Portugal, segundo dados da Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente – APA,
referentes ao ano de 2021, cerca de 56% dos resíduos sólidos urbanos produzidos são encami-
nhados para aterros sanitários. Quando atingem a sua capacidade máxima, estas infraestrutu-
ras são encerradas e seladas. No entanto, após o encerramento e ao longo do tempo, podem
surgir problemas de estabilidade e contenção dos lixiviados resultantes da decomposição dos
resíduos.
Para mitigar esses problemas e diagnosticar as suas causas, são realizados estudos para
monitorizar a infraestrutura. Esses estudos consistem em levantamentos topográficos, segui-
dos de levantamentos de campo para confirmar quaisquer anomalias encontradas anterior-
mente e identificar evidências concretas desses problemas, tais como subsidências, fendas de
tração e escorrências ou rotura de elementos de drenagem.
Nesta dissertação, efetua-se a cartografia geotécnica de superfície de um aterro de resí-
duos não controlado encerrado, através do reconhecimento de campo, da recolha e interpre-
tação de fotografias aéreas, adquiridas com recurso a um Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado
(VANT). Após o tratamento dos dados adquiridos com o VANT e o reconhecimento de campo,
realiza-se uma avaliação espácio-temporal da situação da estabilidade das infraestruturas com
base em comparação com estudos anteriores.
Em seguida, propõem-se medidas de controlo das situações de risco identificadas, bem
como avalia-se a aplicabilidade do VANT na monitorização de infraestruturas deste tipo.
Currently, in Portugal, according to data from the Portuguese Environment Agency – APA, for the year 2021, about 56% of the urban solid waste produced is sent to landfills. When these landfills reach their maximum capacity, they are closed and sealed. However, after clo- sure and over time, problems related to stability and containment of the decomposition of the waste may arise. To mitigate these problems and diagnose their causes, studies are conducted to monitor the infrastructure. These studies consist of topographic surveys, followed by field surveys to confirm any previously identified anomalies and to detect concrete evidence of these issues, such as depressions, traction cracks, runoff, or the rupture of drainage elements, among others. In this dissertation, an engineering geological mapping of a closed urban waste landfill and dump is carried out through field reconnaissance, as well as the collection, and interpre- tation of aerial images taken using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). After processing the data obtained by the UAV and conducting field reconnaissance, a spatio-temporal evaluation of the infrastructure’s stability Is performed, based on comparisons with previous studies. Subsequently, control measures for the identified risk situations are proposed, and the applicability of UAVs in the monitoring of such infrastructure is assessed.
Currently, in Portugal, according to data from the Portuguese Environment Agency – APA, for the year 2021, about 56% of the urban solid waste produced is sent to landfills. When these landfills reach their maximum capacity, they are closed and sealed. However, after clo- sure and over time, problems related to stability and containment of the decomposition of the waste may arise. To mitigate these problems and diagnose their causes, studies are conducted to monitor the infrastructure. These studies consist of topographic surveys, followed by field surveys to confirm any previously identified anomalies and to detect concrete evidence of these issues, such as depressions, traction cracks, runoff, or the rupture of drainage elements, among others. In this dissertation, an engineering geological mapping of a closed urban waste landfill and dump is carried out through field reconnaissance, as well as the collection, and interpre- tation of aerial images taken using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). After processing the data obtained by the UAV and conducting field reconnaissance, a spatio-temporal evaluation of the infrastructure’s stability Is performed, based on comparisons with previous studies. Subsequently, control measures for the identified risk situations are proposed, and the applicability of UAVs in the monitoring of such infrastructure is assessed.
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Palavras-chave
VANT Fotogrametria Monitorização da estabilidade Aterro de resíduos urbanos Medidas de mitigação