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Resumo(s)
A introdução em larga escala dos veículos elétricos representa um passo significativo
na redução dos impactos ambientais associados à mobilidade, diminuindo as emissões de ga-
ses com efeito de estufa. Contudo, essa transição energética e a consequente necessidade de
carregamento, apresentam desafios para a rede de distribuição elétrica.
Neste contexto, esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os impactos do aumento
progressivo do carregamento dos veículos elétricos na rede de distribuição elétrica no conce-
lho de Lisboa, ao nível dos 60 kV, modelada com base nas características dos seus componen-
tes. Utilizaram-se dados reais do consumo horário dos primeiros quatro dígitos dos códigos
postais, permitindo a elaboração dos diagramas de carga das subestações e a aplicação de um
algoritmo genético para a sua melhoria. Para modelar os diagramas de carga dos veículos
elétricos, foram considerados dados reais de consumo médio, duração média e medições de
pontos de carregamento da rede MOBI.E. Além disso, realizou-se a associação das potências
de consumo dos carregamentos dos veículos elétricos aos respetivos códigos postais e subes-
tações correspondentes.
Os resultados evidenciam a ocorrência de sobrecargas, picos de consumo e perdas signi-
ficativas, comprometendo a operação da rede. Em contrapartida, a magnitude da tensão man-
tém-se estável devido à existência de geração suficiente.
The large-scale introduction of electric vehicles represents a significant step in reducing environmental impacts, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. However, this energy transition and the consequent need to charge electric vehicles present challenges for the electrical dis- tribution network. In this context, this dissertation aims to analyze the impacts of the progressive increase in electric vehicle charging on the electric distribution grid in the municipality of Lisbon, at the 60 kV level, modeled based on the characteristics of its components. Real data on the hourly consumption of the first four digits of postal codes were used, allowing for the development of load diagrams for substations and the application of a genetic algorithm for their improve- ment. To model the load diagrams for electric vehicles, real data on average consumption, average duration, and measurements from charging points in the MOBI.E network were con- sidered. Moreover, the association of the charging power of electric vehicles with their respec- tive postal codes and corresponding substations was carried out. The results show the occurrence of overloads, consumption peaks and significant losses, compromising the operation of the grid. On the other hand, the voltage magnitude remains stable due to the existence of sufficient generation.
The large-scale introduction of electric vehicles represents a significant step in reducing environmental impacts, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. However, this energy transition and the consequent need to charge electric vehicles present challenges for the electrical dis- tribution network. In this context, this dissertation aims to analyze the impacts of the progressive increase in electric vehicle charging on the electric distribution grid in the municipality of Lisbon, at the 60 kV level, modeled based on the characteristics of its components. Real data on the hourly consumption of the first four digits of postal codes were used, allowing for the development of load diagrams for substations and the application of a genetic algorithm for their improve- ment. To model the load diagrams for electric vehicles, real data on average consumption, average duration, and measurements from charging points in the MOBI.E network were con- sidered. Moreover, the association of the charging power of electric vehicles with their respec- tive postal codes and corresponding substations was carried out. The results show the occurrence of overloads, consumption peaks and significant losses, compromising the operation of the grid. On the other hand, the voltage magnitude remains stable due to the existence of sufficient generation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Transição Energética Veículos Elétricos Algoritmo Genético Impactos na Rede de Distribuição Elétrica
