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Avaliação do efeito de tratamentos superficiais para rebocos de terra
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Sendo a terra um material naturalmente abundante no planeta, foi desde cedo utilizada pelo
homem na construção de abrigos e mais tarde em edifícios. No entanto, com a descoberta do cimento
e tijolo, a sua utilização estagnou e perdeu-se também parte do conhecimento sobre este material.
Entretanto, as preocupações com a sustentabilidade ambiental ganharam força, inclusive na indústria
da construção.
Para a conservação de edifícios existentes e para novas construções, também as argamassas
de terra, cuja ecoeficiência tem vindo a ser salientada, são objeto de investigação. Agora é necessário
avaliar as características deste produto quando aplicado em sistemas de reboco que sejam eficientes
e menos vulneráveis, por exemplo face à água ou a ações de desgaste, pelo menos no desempenho
das suas funções.
O objetivo da presente dissertação é avaliar o efeito da aplicação superficial de diferentes pro-
dutos de tratamento (óleo de linhaça, cera de abelha, óxido de grafeno, água de papel de máquina,
água de cartão de gesso cartonado e caiação) aplicados por dois métodos distintos (a rolo e spray)
num reboco de terra, de forma a concluir sobre as vantagens e desvantagens que estes produtos lhe
conferem. Para tal realizaram-se vários ensaios, seguindo procedimentos experimentais normalizados
e sob condições controladas.
Os resultados mostram em alguns tratamentos como o óleo de linhaça, a cera de abelha e a
caiação, algumas melhorias ao nível da resistência a ações físicas e do contacto com água líquida.
Noutros, como a água de papel de máquina, a capacidade higroscópica do reboco de terra, que por si
só já é uma característica notável destas argamassas, permanece elevada. Assim, a principal conclu-
são que pode ser retirada é que cada tratamento confere ao reboco vantagens refletidas em caracte-
rísticas diferentes não havendo nenhum que se saliente em todas elas. Será, portanto, necessário
pensar nas que mais se adequam ao reboco tendo em conta as suas funções
Being earth a naturally abundant material on the planet, it was used since an early age by Man in the construction of houses and later in buildings. However, with the discovery of cement and bricks, its use stagnated and the knowledge about this material was also lost. Meanwhile, concerns about en- vironmental sustainability have gained strength including in the construction industry. For the conservation of existing buildings and for new constructions, earth mortars, whose ecoef- ficiency has been emphasized, are also subject of research. Now it is only necessary to evaluate the characteristics of this material when applied in plastering systems so that it is increasingly efficient and less vulnerable, for example due to water or wear actions, at least when performing its functions. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the effect of superficial application of different treatment products (linseed oil, beeswax, graphene oxide, machine paper water, plasterboard water and white- washing) applied by two different methods (roller and spray) on an earth plaster, in order to conclude on the advantages and disadvantages that these products give it. For that, several tests were carried out, following standard experimental procedures and under controlled conditions. The results show, in some treatments such as linseed oil, beeswax and whitewash, some im- provements in terms of resistance to physical actions and contact with liquid water. In others, such as machine paper water, the hygroscopic capacity of the earth plaster, which is in itself already a remark- able characteristic of these mortars, remains high. Therefore, the main conclusion that can be drawn is that each treatment gives the plaster advantages reflected in different characteristics, with none that stands out in all of them. It will therefore be necessary to think about which ones are most suitable for plastering, taking into account its functions.
Being earth a naturally abundant material on the planet, it was used since an early age by Man in the construction of houses and later in buildings. However, with the discovery of cement and bricks, its use stagnated and the knowledge about this material was also lost. Meanwhile, concerns about en- vironmental sustainability have gained strength including in the construction industry. For the conservation of existing buildings and for new constructions, earth mortars, whose ecoef- ficiency has been emphasized, are also subject of research. Now it is only necessary to evaluate the characteristics of this material when applied in plastering systems so that it is increasingly efficient and less vulnerable, for example due to water or wear actions, at least when performing its functions. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the effect of superficial application of different treatment products (linseed oil, beeswax, graphene oxide, machine paper water, plasterboard water and white- washing) applied by two different methods (roller and spray) on an earth plaster, in order to conclude on the advantages and disadvantages that these products give it. For that, several tests were carried out, following standard experimental procedures and under controlled conditions. The results show, in some treatments such as linseed oil, beeswax and whitewash, some im- provements in terms of resistance to physical actions and contact with liquid water. In others, such as machine paper water, the hygroscopic capacity of the earth plaster, which is in itself already a remark- able characteristic of these mortars, remains high. Therefore, the main conclusion that can be drawn is that each treatment gives the plaster advantages reflected in different characteristics, with none that stands out in all of them. It will therefore be necessary to think about which ones are most suitable for plastering, taking into account its functions.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Reboco de argila Tratamento de superfície Resistência superficial Capacidade higroscópica Ecoeficiência Conservação