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Exposição a mercúrio e caracterização do risco para a saúde na população portuguesa e brasileira
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RESUMO - Introdução: O mercúrio é um metal tóxico e pode ser encontrado em diversas formas na natureza, incluindo na cadeia alimentar, com efeitos nocivos no desenvolvimento cognitivo. O consumo alimentar de peixe, principal via de exposição humana, na gravidez deve ser moderado, com particular atenção às espécies predadoras. Objetivos: Avaliar o risco para a saúde da exposição a mercúrio na população portuguesa e brasileira no período 2013-2023.
Metodologia: Efetuou-se uma revisão da literatura considerando os estudos publicados entre os anos 2013-2023, com avaliação de exposição a mercúrio através de estudos de biomonitorização humana, nas populações de Portugal e do Brasil. Os dados de exposição foram extraídos e efetuou-se a caracterização do risco através do cálculo do quociente de perigo.
Resultados: Foram obtidos 757 estudos após as pesquisas realizadas nas duas bases de dados, Pubmed e Scielo. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, 19 estudos de biomonitorização humana foram considerados para a avaliação da exposição de risco. Foram determinados quocientes de perigo que variaram entre 0,45 e 2,62, e entre 0,80 e 9,1, para Portugal e Brasil, respectivamente.
Conclusões: os resultados demonstram que, numa perspectiva de saúde pública, a exposição a mercúrio representa um alto risco para a saúde humana. É fundamental manter a legislação e ações de fiscalização em vigor, bem como, desenvolver programas de educação e sensibilização dirigidos a populações vulneráveis como as grávidas.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Mercury is a toxic metal and can be found in various forms in nature, including in the food chain, with harmful effects on cognitive development. Dietary consumption of fish, the main route of human exposure, during pregnancy should be moderate, with particular attention to predatory species. Objectives: To evaluate the health risk of exposure to mercury in the Portuguese and Brazilian population in the period 2013-2023. Methodology: A literature review was carried out considering studies published between 2013 and 2023, with evaluation of mercury exposure through human biomonitoring studies, in the populations of Portugal and Brazil. Exposure data were extracted, and risk characterisation was performed by calculating the hazard quotient. Results: A total of 757 studies were obtained after searches in the two databases, Pubmed and Scielo. After applying the conclusion criteria, 19 human biomonitoring studies were considered for exposure assessment and risk characterization. Hazard quotients ranged from 0.45 to 2.62 and from 0.80 to 9.1 for Portugal and Brazil, respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that, from a public health perspective, exposure to mercury poses a high risk to human health. It is essential to maintain the legislation and enforcement actions in force, as well as to develop education and awareness programs aimed at vulnerable populations such as pregnant women.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Mercury is a toxic metal and can be found in various forms in nature, including in the food chain, with harmful effects on cognitive development. Dietary consumption of fish, the main route of human exposure, during pregnancy should be moderate, with particular attention to predatory species. Objectives: To evaluate the health risk of exposure to mercury in the Portuguese and Brazilian population in the period 2013-2023. Methodology: A literature review was carried out considering studies published between 2013 and 2023, with evaluation of mercury exposure through human biomonitoring studies, in the populations of Portugal and Brazil. Exposure data were extracted, and risk characterisation was performed by calculating the hazard quotient. Results: A total of 757 studies were obtained after searches in the two databases, Pubmed and Scielo. After applying the conclusion criteria, 19 human biomonitoring studies were considered for exposure assessment and risk characterization. Hazard quotients ranged from 0.45 to 2.62 and from 0.80 to 9.1 for Portugal and Brazil, respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that, from a public health perspective, exposure to mercury poses a high risk to human health. It is essential to maintain the legislation and enforcement actions in force, as well as to develop education and awareness programs aimed at vulnerable populations such as pregnant women.
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Mercúrio exposição humana Portugal Brasil Mercury human exposure