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Um Modelo De Decisão Para Gestão Da Obsolescência - Um Estudo De Caso No Sector Automóvel
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Resumo(s)
A obsolescência é um tópico relevante e atual em cadeias de abastecimento, pois a sua
existência significa custos incorridos em matéria-prima, componentes, produtos finais e tec-
nologia. Considera-se obsoleto um objeto ou tecnologia sem utilidade, fora de moda, que não
tem produção ou que não corresponde aos últimos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos. Podem
ser aplicadas diversas estratégias de gestão reativa da obsolescência, e decidir qual estratégia
aplicar é uma tarefa complexa devido ao elevado número de fatores a considerar.
Com o desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso de uma empresa no sector automóvel
e eletrónico, nesta dissertação foi elaborado um modelo de apoio à escolha das estratégias de
gestão reativa da obsolescência, nove em utilização, incluindo o "Redesign/reaproveitamento".
O modelo, baseado em
Multi Attribute Utility Theory, permite avaliar as estratégias segundo
treze atributos considerados relevantes pela empresa, como a "Exclusividade" ou o "Risco"
associado à perda de qualidade.
O modelo foi elaborado em proximidade com a empresa durante um estágio e reflete
a visão e objetivos da empresa. Foram utilizados dados reais de três peças de tipos diferentes
que permitiram aplicar o modelo com sucesso. Resultou desta aplicação que para duas das
peças a estratégia "Redesign/reaproveitamento" é a mais indicada e "
Scrapping" para a restante.
Obsolescence is a relevant and current topic in supply chain, as its existence means costs incurred in raw materials, components, final products and technology. An object or tech- nology that is useless, out of fashion, has no production or does not correspond to the latest technological developments is considered obsolete. There can be several strategies applied for reactive obsolescence management, and deciding which strategy to apply is a complex task due to the high number of factors to consider. With the development of a case study of a company in the automotive and electronics sector, in this dissertation was developed a model to support the choice of reactive obsoles- cence management strategies, nine in use, including "Redesign/reuse". The model, based on the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory, allows evaluating strategies according to thirteen attributes considered relevant by the company, such as “Exclusivity” or “Risk” associated with loss of qual- ity. The model was created closely with the company during an internship and reflects the company's vision and objectives. Real data from three parts of different types were used, which allowed the model to be successfully applied. The application of this resulted in the "Rede- sign/reuse" strategy being the most suitable for two of the parts and "Scrapping" for the re- maining one.
Obsolescence is a relevant and current topic in supply chain, as its existence means costs incurred in raw materials, components, final products and technology. An object or tech- nology that is useless, out of fashion, has no production or does not correspond to the latest technological developments is considered obsolete. There can be several strategies applied for reactive obsolescence management, and deciding which strategy to apply is a complex task due to the high number of factors to consider. With the development of a case study of a company in the automotive and electronics sector, in this dissertation was developed a model to support the choice of reactive obsoles- cence management strategies, nine in use, including "Redesign/reuse". The model, based on the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory, allows evaluating strategies according to thirteen attributes considered relevant by the company, such as “Exclusivity” or “Risk” associated with loss of qual- ity. The model was created closely with the company during an internship and reflects the company's vision and objectives. Real data from three parts of different types were used, which allowed the model to be successfully applied. The application of this resulted in the "Rede- sign/reuse" strategy being the most suitable for two of the parts and "Scrapping" for the re- maining one.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Obsolescência Indústria Automóvel Indústria eletrónica Cadeia de abastecimento Modelo de decisão Multi Attribute Utility Theory