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Avaliação da capacidade da Fusão Seletiva por Laser no fabrico de um componente metálico para a indústria automóvel
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Resumo(s)
O fabrico aditivo ou impressão 3D tem sido a alternativa eleita para combater as novas
exigências do mundo atual, uma vez que é um processo que possibilita o fabrico de peças com
geometrias complexas reduzindo as etapas do processo de fabrico. O fabrico aditivo metálico
destaca-se pela importância dos metais em indústrias como a indústria automóvel, que no
paradigma atual, está a viver a uma grande revolução provocada pela transição de automóveis de
combustão interna para automóveis híbridos e elétricos.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar a capacidade do fabrico aditivo
metálico, em produzir peças, com aplicação na indústria automóvel, que cumprem os requisitos
de projeto. Para este estudo foi utilizado um componente da estrutura externa de um compressor
scroll¸ que é o tipo de compressor mais usual em sistemas de Ar Condicionado (A/C) em carros
híbridos e elétricos. A metodologia usada consistiu na produção de peças por Fusão Seletiva por
Laser, nomeadamente, a variante Selective Laser Melting (SLM), seguida da validação das
mesmas segundo a sua geometria, integridade estrutural e funcionalidade.
Através dos resultados obtidos, foi possível verificar que as peças apresentavam
integridade estrutural equivalente às peças produzidas pela metodologia de fabrico atual. Quanto
à sua geometria, ocorreram alguns problemas traduzindo-se em incumprimento de tolerâncias
dimensionais e geométricas. Contudo, as dificuldades encontradas não foram atribuídas à
tecnologia de impressão 3D, mas sim aos parâmetros e condições de impressão utilizadas que,
para este estudo, não foram controladas. A nível funcional, as peças não revelaram qualquer
diminuição de performance em comparação com as peças produzidas pela metodologia de fabrico
atual. Desta forma, conclui-se que a Fusão Seletiva por Laser tem capacidade de produzir peças
que cumprem todos os requisitos de projeto, no entanto, um estudo intensivo tem de ser realizado
com o intuito de melhorar os parâmetros utilizados.
Additive Manufacturing or 3D Printing has been the chosen alternative to tackle the new demands of the modern world, as it is a process that enables the manufacturing of high complexity parts, reducing steps in the manufacturing process. Metal Additive Manufacturing stands out for the importance of metals in industries such as the automotive industry, which, nowadays is seeing a huge revolution due to the transition of combustion engine cars to hybrid and electric cars. The purpose dissertation aims to study the capability of metal Additive Manufacturing technology in manufacturing parts in the automotive industry that meet the design requirements. For this study, it was used a component of the external structure of a scroll compressor, which is the most common type of compressor used for air conditioning systems in hybrid and electric cars. The methodology used consisted in manufacturing parts through Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) technology, specifically Selective Laser Melting (SLM), followed by the validation of the parts’ geometry, structural integrity and functionality. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to see that the 3D printed parts exhibited structural integrity equivalent to the parts manufactured by the current manufacturing methodology. As for their geometry, there were some issues that meant non-compliance of some dimensional and geometry tolerances. However, the problems found were not attributed to the PBF technology itself, but to the printing parameters and printing conditions used that, in this study, were not controlled. Regarding functionality, the parts did not show any decreased in performance in comparison with the parts manufactured by the current manufacturing methodology. Thus, it was concluded that PBF technology has the capability to produce parts that meet the design requirements. However, an intensive study should be conducted in order to improve the parameters used.
Additive Manufacturing or 3D Printing has been the chosen alternative to tackle the new demands of the modern world, as it is a process that enables the manufacturing of high complexity parts, reducing steps in the manufacturing process. Metal Additive Manufacturing stands out for the importance of metals in industries such as the automotive industry, which, nowadays is seeing a huge revolution due to the transition of combustion engine cars to hybrid and electric cars. The purpose dissertation aims to study the capability of metal Additive Manufacturing technology in manufacturing parts in the automotive industry that meet the design requirements. For this study, it was used a component of the external structure of a scroll compressor, which is the most common type of compressor used for air conditioning systems in hybrid and electric cars. The methodology used consisted in manufacturing parts through Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) technology, specifically Selective Laser Melting (SLM), followed by the validation of the parts’ geometry, structural integrity and functionality. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to see that the 3D printed parts exhibited structural integrity equivalent to the parts manufactured by the current manufacturing methodology. As for their geometry, there were some issues that meant non-compliance of some dimensional and geometry tolerances. However, the problems found were not attributed to the PBF technology itself, but to the printing parameters and printing conditions used that, in this study, were not controlled. Regarding functionality, the parts did not show any decreased in performance in comparison with the parts manufactured by the current manufacturing methodology. Thus, it was concluded that PBF technology has the capability to produce parts that meet the design requirements. However, an intensive study should be conducted in order to improve the parameters used.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fabrico aditivo metálica Fusão Seletiva por Laser (PBF) Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Avaliação tecnológica ndústria automóvel