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Aproveitamento de Resíduos Resultantes do Processo de Fabrico de Peças de alta Qualidade da Indústria Cerâmica
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Cada vez mais é habitual a incorporação de resíduos, ou produtos sem valor aparente, em
materiais cerâmicos de modo a mitigar o desperdício e escassez de matérias-primas (neste caso a
argila). Para além de se reduzir substancialmente a poluição que esses resíduos causam por serem
encaminhados para aterros, ou queimados, a sua incorporação na matéria-prima também se vai
refletir na diminuição do custo do produto final e, dependendo da proporção utilizada, estes
materiais podem até apresentar características físicas e mecânicas mais favoráveis ao seu uso
previsto.
Este trabalho visa avaliar o resultado causado nas diversas características de provetes cerâmicos
através da elaboração de várias misturas compostas por argila vermelha, argila cinzenta e
diferentes percentagens de resíduos provenientes da Fábrica Vista Alegre Atlantis. Tanto as
argilas como os resíduos utilizados foram previamente submetidos a processos de moagem de
modo que a sua granulometria fosse inferior a 63 μm.
Optou-se pela elaboração de 275 provetes cerâmicos em laboratório, sendo que estes se dividem
em 11 composições distintas (25 provetes por composição). Os resíduos foram misturados tanto
à argila vermelha como à argila cinzenta em função de 4 percentagens: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%.
Foram também elaborados provetes constituídos unicamente por argila vermelha, argila cinzenta
e resíduos de produção de modo a serem utilizados como padrão.
Todos os provetes cerâmicos feitos em laboratório foram, numa primeira fase, deixados a secar à
temperatura ambiente visto que um arrefecimento muito brusco pode causar problemas na sua
estrutura, como fissuração. Numa segunda fase foram introduzidos na estufa do laboratório a uma
temperatura de 50 ºC, sendo que de seguida foram inseridos numa mufla e submetidos a uma
cozedura a 1000 ºC. Por fim foram efetuados diversos ensaios tais como a resistência à flexão, a
absorção de água e ensaio de determinação de cor.
Foram posteriormente tratados todos os resultados obtidos, sendo que se pôde concluir que ambos
os tipos de argila utilizados, as composições de 20% de resíduos apresentaram resultados
satisfatórios e são bastante viáveis na grande maioria dos ensaios. É ainda de ressalvar que no
caso dos provetes elaborados com base de argila cinzenta, a composição de 10% apresentou uma
melhoria das características da composição padrão.
It is increasingly common to incorporate waste or seemingly valueless products into ceramic materials to mitigate waste and raw material scarcity (in this case, clay). Besides substantially reducing the pollution caused by disposing of these waste materials in landfills or burning them, their incorporation into the raw material will also result in a decrease in the cost of the final product, and depending on the proportion used, these materials may even exhibit physical and mechanical characteristics more favorable for their intended use. This work aims to assess the resulting effects on various characteristics of ceramic test specimens through the preparation of various mixtures composed of red clay, grey clay, and different percentages of waste from the Vista Alegre Atlantis Factory. Both the clays and the waste materials used were previously subjected to grinding processes to ensure their particle size was less than 63 μm. It was decided to create 275 ceramic test specimens in the laboratory, which are divided into eleven distinct compositions (25 specimens per composition). The waste materials were mixed with both red clay and grey clay at four different percentages: 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Test specimens consisting solely of red clay, grey clay, and production waste were also prepared for use as standards. In the first phase, all laboratory-made ceramic test specimens were allowed to dry at room temperature because rapid cooling can cause structural problems such as cracking. In the second phase, they were placed in the laboratory oven at a temperature of 50°C, and then they were inserted into a muffle furnace and fired at 1000°C. Finally, various tests, such as flexural strength, water absorption, and color determination. were conducted. All the obtained results were subsequently processed, and it was concluded that both types of clay used, with compositions of 20% waste, showed satisfactory results and are quite feasible in most tests. It should also be noted that in the case of specimens made with gray clay, the composition with 10% showed an improvement over the standard composition characteristics.
It is increasingly common to incorporate waste or seemingly valueless products into ceramic materials to mitigate waste and raw material scarcity (in this case, clay). Besides substantially reducing the pollution caused by disposing of these waste materials in landfills or burning them, their incorporation into the raw material will also result in a decrease in the cost of the final product, and depending on the proportion used, these materials may even exhibit physical and mechanical characteristics more favorable for their intended use. This work aims to assess the resulting effects on various characteristics of ceramic test specimens through the preparation of various mixtures composed of red clay, grey clay, and different percentages of waste from the Vista Alegre Atlantis Factory. Both the clays and the waste materials used were previously subjected to grinding processes to ensure their particle size was less than 63 μm. It was decided to create 275 ceramic test specimens in the laboratory, which are divided into eleven distinct compositions (25 specimens per composition). The waste materials were mixed with both red clay and grey clay at four different percentages: 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Test specimens consisting solely of red clay, grey clay, and production waste were also prepared for use as standards. In the first phase, all laboratory-made ceramic test specimens were allowed to dry at room temperature because rapid cooling can cause structural problems such as cracking. In the second phase, they were placed in the laboratory oven at a temperature of 50°C, and then they were inserted into a muffle furnace and fired at 1000°C. Finally, various tests, such as flexural strength, water absorption, and color determination. were conducted. All the obtained results were subsequently processed, and it was concluded that both types of clay used, with compositions of 20% waste, showed satisfactory results and are quite feasible in most tests. It should also be noted that in the case of specimens made with gray clay, the composition with 10% showed an improvement over the standard composition characteristics.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Argila resíduos provetes cerâmicos incorporação matérias-primas