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SIMULAÇÃO DE SOLUÇÕES DE REABILITAÇÃO TÉRMICA EM CLIMA TEMPERADO
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O setor residencial é um dos maiores responsáveis pelo consumo de energia final e, consequentemente,
pela emissão de gases poluentes para a atmosfera. Estima-se que, em Portugal, mais de um quarto da
energia consumida é utilizada para aquecer o espaço interior, o que nos remete para a baixa eficiência
energética do parque edificado nacional.
Apesar da legislação atual ser rígida no que toca ao comportamento térmico dos edifícios, grande parte
destes foi construída quando ainda não existia regulamentação térmica, o que leva a que sensivelmente
70% das habitações em Portugal não tenham isolamento térmico. Assim, torna-se imperativo reabilitar
estes edifícios, aplicando soluções construtivas que minimizem o consumo de energia associado à cli-
matização dos edifícios.
O objetivo deste trabalho é, então, estudar formas de reabilitar higrotérmicamente um edifício multifa-
miliar existente, através dos elementos da envolvente exterior. O caso de estudo, devido ao seu ano de
construção, não possui qualquer tipo de isolamento térmico, o que torna interessante a sua análise e a
comparação de desempenho antes e após a reabilitação.
O modelo foi validado com base numa campanha de monitorização, onde se registaram valores de
temperatura e humidade relativa e, depois utilizado para estudar o impacto que a adoção de diferentes
espessuras de isolamento térmico em paredes e diferentes vãos envidraçados têm na temperatura interior
e no desempenho energético do edifício.
Da análise realizada, concluiu-se que é pela fachada que se dão as maiores perdas de calor e, pelos vãos
envidraçados que se dão os maiores ganhos. O estudo de sensibilidade também permitiu aferir que é
pela aplicação de isolamento térmico nas paredes que se consegue diminuir mais as necessidades ener-
géticas ao longo do ano, como medida isolada.
Dentro dos cenários considerados, e na perspetiva de otimizar a redução do consumo energético, qual-
quer situação onde se aplique isolamento térmico torna-se bastante benéfica, sendo necessária apenas
uma espessura de sensivelmente 3 cm de lã mineral para cumprir a legislação e reduzir o consumo de
energia total em cerca de 20%. Relativamente aos vãos envidraçados, um Uw de 2 W/m2ºC é suficiente
para reduzir o consumo energético em cerca de 5%.
The residential sector is one of the biggest contributors to final energy consumption and, consequently, to the emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere. It is estimated that, in Portugal, more than a quarter of the energy consumed is used for indoor heating, which brings us back to the low energy efficiency of the national building stock. Although current legislation is strict when it comes to the thermal behavior of buildings, the vast ma- jority of them were built when there were no thermal regulations, which means that around 70% of homes in Portugal are not thermally insulated. It is therefore imperative to rehabilitate these buildings, using constructive solutions that minimize the energy consumption associated with air conditioning. The aim of this work is to investigate measures for the hygrothermal rehabilitation of an existing multi- family building, using the elements of the exterior envelope. The case study, due to its year of construc- tion, does not have any type of thermal insulation, which makes it interesting to analyze and compare its performance before and after the rehabilitation. The model was validated based on a monitoring campaign where temperature and relative humidity values were recorded, and then used to study the impact that the adoption of different thicknesses of thermal insulation in walls and different glazing openings have on the interior temperature and energy performance of the building. From the analysis carried out, it was concluded that the largest heat losses occur through the façade and the largest gains through the windows. The sensitivity study also showed that it is by applying thermal insulation to the walls that energy needs can be reduced the most throughout the year, as an isolated measure. Within the scenarios considered, and from the perspective of optimizing the reduction in energy con- sumption, any situation where thermal insulation is applied becomes very beneficial, requiring only a thickness of approximately 3 cm of mineral wool to comply with the legislation and reduce total energy consumption by around 20%. Concerning the windows, a Uw of 2 W/m2ºC is enough to reduce energy consumption by around 5%.
The residential sector is one of the biggest contributors to final energy consumption and, consequently, to the emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere. It is estimated that, in Portugal, more than a quarter of the energy consumed is used for indoor heating, which brings us back to the low energy efficiency of the national building stock. Although current legislation is strict when it comes to the thermal behavior of buildings, the vast ma- jority of them were built when there were no thermal regulations, which means that around 70% of homes in Portugal are not thermally insulated. It is therefore imperative to rehabilitate these buildings, using constructive solutions that minimize the energy consumption associated with air conditioning. The aim of this work is to investigate measures for the hygrothermal rehabilitation of an existing multi- family building, using the elements of the exterior envelope. The case study, due to its year of construc- tion, does not have any type of thermal insulation, which makes it interesting to analyze and compare its performance before and after the rehabilitation. The model was validated based on a monitoring campaign where temperature and relative humidity values were recorded, and then used to study the impact that the adoption of different thicknesses of thermal insulation in walls and different glazing openings have on the interior temperature and energy performance of the building. From the analysis carried out, it was concluded that the largest heat losses occur through the façade and the largest gains through the windows. The sensitivity study also showed that it is by applying thermal insulation to the walls that energy needs can be reduced the most throughout the year, as an isolated measure. Within the scenarios considered, and from the perspective of optimizing the reduction in energy con- sumption, any situation where thermal insulation is applied becomes very beneficial, requiring only a thickness of approximately 3 cm of mineral wool to comply with the legislation and reduce total energy consumption by around 20%. Concerning the windows, a Uw of 2 W/m2ºC is enough to reduce energy consumption by around 5%.
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Eficiência energética reabilitação térmica simulação dinâmica EnergyPlus monitorização climática pobreza energética