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Avaliação da eficiência de tintas térmicas em edifícios
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Esta dissertação avalia, experimentalmente e por modelação numérica, a eficiência de
sistemas de pintura com tintas térmicas em paredes da envolvente de edifícios.
As tintas em análise são comercializadas em Portugal e foram utilizadas para a formula-
ção de sistemas de pintura com tintas térmicas e tintas convencionais. A avaliação das tintas
inicia-se pela análise da refletância e emitância dos sistemas de pintura obtidos em ensaios
laboratoriais. De seguida, procede-se à avaliação do desempenho térmico comparativo dos
sistemas de pintura aplicados nas superfícies interiores das paredes norte e oeste de uma cé-
lula experimental localizada no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, durante a estação de
aquecimento. Por fim, considerando os dados experimentais obtidos anteriormente para a es-
tação de arrefecimento e através do programa EnergyPlus, simula-se o desempenho térmico
e energético das tintas térmicas aplicadas nas superfícies interiores das paredes de uma célula
com dimensões semelhantes à célula experimental, considerando três soluções construtivas
diferentes e localização em três zonas climáticas em Portugal.
Com a análise da refletância e emitância dos sistemas de pintura, verifica-se que as tintas
térmicas com aplicação no exterior apresentam potencial para um melhor desempenho tér-
mico dos edifícios e para a redução dos consumos energéticos na estação de arrefecimento.
No entanto, não foi possível confirmar o melhor desempenho das tintas térmicas quando apli-
cadas no interior, por não terem as características ideais para o interior.
A análise conjunta dos resultados, obtidos em condições reais e por modulação numé-
rica, confirma que as tintas térmicas aplicadas em superfícies interiores das paredes da envol-
vente apresentam potencial para melhorar o conforto térmico no interior dos edifícios. No
entanto, a utilização de sistemas de climatização podem indiciar um aumento dos consumos
energéticos na estação de aquecimento e de arrefecimento (sem considerar o impacto da tem-
peratura média radiativa no conforto térmico no interior). Além disso, não se confirma o po-
tencial anunciado pelos fabricantes das tintas térmicas para evitar condensações em superfí-
cies interiores de edifícios.
This dissertation evaluates, experimentally and by numerical modeling, the efficiency of thermal paint systems on building envelope walls. Paints under analysis are marketed in Portugal and were used to formulate paint systems including thermal paints and conventional paints. The assessment of the paints begins with an analysis of the reflectance and the emittance of the paint systems achieved with laboratory tests. The following is an assessment of the comparative thermal performance of the paint systems applied to the inside surfaces of the north and west walls of an experimental cell lo- cated at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering, during heating station. At last, conside- ring the experimental data achieved previously for the cooling station and using the Energy Plus program, the thermal and energy performance of the thermal paints applied to the inside wall's surfaces of a cell with similar dimensions of the experimental cell is simulated, attending to three different construction solutions and location in three climatic zones of Portugal. Analysis of the reflectance and emittance of the paint systems shows that thermal paints applied outside have the potential to improve the thermal performance of buildings and re- duce energy consumption in the cooling season. However, it was not possible to confirm the better performance of thermal paints when applied inside, as they do not have the ideal cha- racteristics for inside application. The joint analysis of the results, obtained under real conditions and by numerical modu- lation, confirms that thermal paints applied to the inside surfaces of building envelope walls have the potential to improve indoor thermal comfort in buildings. However, the use of air conditioning systems can lead to an increase of energy consumption in the heating and cooling season (without considering the impact of the mean radiative temperature on indoor thermal comfort). Furthermore, the potential announced by the manufacturers of thermal paints to prevent condensation on the inside surfaces of buildings has not been confirmed.
This dissertation evaluates, experimentally and by numerical modeling, the efficiency of thermal paint systems on building envelope walls. Paints under analysis are marketed in Portugal and were used to formulate paint systems including thermal paints and conventional paints. The assessment of the paints begins with an analysis of the reflectance and the emittance of the paint systems achieved with laboratory tests. The following is an assessment of the comparative thermal performance of the paint systems applied to the inside surfaces of the north and west walls of an experimental cell lo- cated at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering, during heating station. At last, conside- ring the experimental data achieved previously for the cooling station and using the Energy Plus program, the thermal and energy performance of the thermal paints applied to the inside wall's surfaces of a cell with similar dimensions of the experimental cell is simulated, attending to three different construction solutions and location in three climatic zones of Portugal. Analysis of the reflectance and emittance of the paint systems shows that thermal paints applied outside have the potential to improve the thermal performance of buildings and re- duce energy consumption in the cooling season. However, it was not possible to confirm the better performance of thermal paints when applied inside, as they do not have the ideal cha- racteristics for inside application. The joint analysis of the results, obtained under real conditions and by numerical modu- lation, confirms that thermal paints applied to the inside surfaces of building envelope walls have the potential to improve indoor thermal comfort in buildings. However, the use of air conditioning systems can lead to an increase of energy consumption in the heating and cooling season (without considering the impact of the mean radiative temperature on indoor thermal comfort). Furthermore, the potential announced by the manufacturers of thermal paints to prevent condensation on the inside surfaces of buildings has not been confirmed.
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Pigmentos refletantes radiação térmica emitância refletância