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Aplicação da Metodologia Seis Sigma num terminal portuário de contentores
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Com o aumento do volume de carga e, em específico, contentores, a ser transportada por via
marítima, os portos que a recebem têm sentido cada vez mais pressão para aumentar a sua
eficiência e capacidade de gerir as necessidades dos clientes.
Através do Seis Sigma, e com o objetivo geral de melhorar a eficiência do terminal, este estudo
focou-se nas atividades em parque. Mais especificamente, procurou-se reduzir o número de
clientes a levantar viaturas em momentos inadequados e o tempo de permanência das trelas em
parque. Para tal, recorreu-se ao ciclo DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) e, em cada
fase deste ciclo, várias ferramentas e técnicas foram aplicadas, de acordo com as necessidades do
projeto.
Após detalhar as componentes e intervenientes do processo, assim como identificar os problemas,
caraterizou-se cada parte constituinte do projeto e de que forma estes o influenciam como um todo.
Analisou-se o estado corrente das metas definidas, assim como outras métricas relevantes, como
os tempos de baldeamentos da carga em parque e os tempos de descarga dos navios. Em seguida,
encontraram-se as causas raiz para os problemas identificados e apresentaram-se melhorias para
colmatá-las.
Das melhorias propostas, a primeira, um sistema de aviso para levantamento de viaturas, resultou
numa redução do tempo desde a descarga das viaturas à sua saída de parque de 67% e também
levou a algumas mudanças nos métodos de trabalho da empresa. A segunda melhoria, a
reinterpretação do sistema de posições dos contentores em parque, não pôde ser implementada
devido a restrições na possibilidade de alterações do sistema interno da empresa. A terceira e
última melhoria, uma plataforma de previsão da hora de descarga, apesar do seu potencial para aumentar significativamente o nível sigma associado à parte do processo que afetaria, durante a
fase de testes, surgiram restrições à sua implementação total.
With the increase in the volume of cargo, and specifically containers, being transported by sea, receiving ports have felt increasing pressure to increase their efficiency and ability to manage cus- tomer needs. Through Six Sigma, and with the overall aim of improving terminal efficiency, this study focused on park activities. More specifically, we tried to reduce the number of customers picking up cars at inappropriate times and the time the leashes remain in the park. To this end, the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control) cycle was used, and, in each phase of this cycle, various tools and techniques were applied, according to the needs of the project. After detailing the components and players in the process, as well as identifying the problems, each constituent part of the project was characterised and how they influence it as a whole. The current status of the defined goals was analyzed, as well as other relevant metrics, such as the load baling times in the yard and the unloading times of the ships. The root causes of the identified problems were then found, and improvements were proposed to address them. Of the proposed improvements, the first, a warning system for picking up vehicles, resulted in a 67% reduction in the time from unloading the vehicles to leaving the depot and also led to some changes in the company's working methods. The second improvement, the reinterpretation of the system for the positions of the containers in the park, could not be implemented due to restrictions in the possibility of changes to the company's internal system. The third and final improvement, a platform for forecasting the unloading time, despite its potential to significantly increase the sigma level associated with the part of the process it would affect, during the testing phase, restrictions to its full implementation arose.
With the increase in the volume of cargo, and specifically containers, being transported by sea, receiving ports have felt increasing pressure to increase their efficiency and ability to manage cus- tomer needs. Through Six Sigma, and with the overall aim of improving terminal efficiency, this study focused on park activities. More specifically, we tried to reduce the number of customers picking up cars at inappropriate times and the time the leashes remain in the park. To this end, the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control) cycle was used, and, in each phase of this cycle, various tools and techniques were applied, according to the needs of the project. After detailing the components and players in the process, as well as identifying the problems, each constituent part of the project was characterised and how they influence it as a whole. The current status of the defined goals was analyzed, as well as other relevant metrics, such as the load baling times in the yard and the unloading times of the ships. The root causes of the identified problems were then found, and improvements were proposed to address them. Of the proposed improvements, the first, a warning system for picking up vehicles, resulted in a 67% reduction in the time from unloading the vehicles to leaving the depot and also led to some changes in the company's working methods. The second improvement, the reinterpretation of the system for the positions of the containers in the park, could not be implemented due to restrictions in the possibility of changes to the company's internal system. The third and final improvement, a platform for forecasting the unloading time, despite its potential to significantly increase the sigma level associated with the part of the process it would affect, during the testing phase, restrictions to its full implementation arose.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Seis Sigma DMAIC Melhoria Contínua