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ESTUDO DAS FORÇAS DE APERTO POR UMA BUCHA DE DIAFRAGMA APLICADAS NA SUJEIÇÃO DE UMA PEÇA PARA MAQUINAÇÃO
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Na maquinação de uma peça são vários os fatores que podem influenciar a qualidade
do produto final, como por exemplo, a força de aperto aplicada na peça pela configuração de
aperto escolhida. De facto, a importância do sistema de aperto é tanto maior quanto maior é o
grau de precisão exigido.
A presente dissertação teve como objetivo estimar as forças de aperto de uma bucha de
diafragma e o estudo da sua influência nas deformações da peça após maquinação. O caso de
estudo é um componente de um compressor scroll, denominado por Orbiting scroll, que é
produzido por forjamento e depois sujeito à maquinação, onde é fixado através do uso de uma
bucha de diafragma com 6 mordentes. Este trabalho foi realizado numa empresa da indústria
automóvel que produz este tipo de compressores. Para o caso deste componente, havia um
incumprimento das tolerâncias dimensionais e geométricas para algumas zonas da peça.
Desse modo, estudou-se a bucha de diafragma, a peça e as deformações na mesma após
a maquinação, de forma a compreender melhor o problema. Na fase seguinte, desenvolveu-se
um dispositivo de medição de força para obter as forças de aperto em cada mordente da bucha
de diafragma. Obtidas as forças, concluiu-se que durante o aperto a força total não era
distribuída de uma forma uniforme por todos os mordentes. De seguida, procedeu-se à
simulação da condição de aperto, de forma a inferir a influência que a força de aperto e a falta
de uniformidade no aperto, provocam nas deformações da peça.
Com esta dissertação, foi possível retirar conclusões sobre a influência das forças de
aperto nas deformações na peça em estudo, assim como, demonstrar a importância destes
estudos para melhoria da qualidade de peças.
When machining a workpiece, several factors can influence the quality of the product, such as the clamping force applied to the workpiece by the chosen clamping configuration. In fact, the greater the degree of precision required, the more important the clamping system becomes. The main objective of this dissertation was to estimate the gripping forces of a diaphragm chuck and to study their influence on the deformations of the workpiece after it was machined. The case study is a component of a scroll compressor, called an Orbiting Scroll, which is produced by forging and then subjected to machining, where it is clamped using a diaphragm chuck with 6 jaws. This work was carried out at a company in the automotive industry that produces this type of compressor. In the case of this component, there was a lack of compliance with dimensional and geometric tolerances for some areas of the part. First, the diaphragm chuck, the workpiece, and the deformations in it, after machining, were studied to better understand the problem. In the next phase, a force measuring device was developed to obtain the gripping forces on each jaw of the diaphragm chuck. Once the forces had been obtained, it was concluded that during clamping the total force was not evenly distributed across all the jaws. The clamping condition was then simulated in order to infer the influence that the gripping forces and the lack of uniformity in clamping, have on the deformations of the part. With this dissertation, it was possible to draw conclusions about the influence of clamping forces on the deformations of the part under study, as well as to demonstrate the importance of these studies in improving the quality of components.
When machining a workpiece, several factors can influence the quality of the product, such as the clamping force applied to the workpiece by the chosen clamping configuration. In fact, the greater the degree of precision required, the more important the clamping system becomes. The main objective of this dissertation was to estimate the gripping forces of a diaphragm chuck and to study their influence on the deformations of the workpiece after it was machined. The case study is a component of a scroll compressor, called an Orbiting Scroll, which is produced by forging and then subjected to machining, where it is clamped using a diaphragm chuck with 6 jaws. This work was carried out at a company in the automotive industry that produces this type of compressor. In the case of this component, there was a lack of compliance with dimensional and geometric tolerances for some areas of the part. First, the diaphragm chuck, the workpiece, and the deformations in it, after machining, were studied to better understand the problem. In the next phase, a force measuring device was developed to obtain the gripping forces on each jaw of the diaphragm chuck. Once the forces had been obtained, it was concluded that during clamping the total force was not evenly distributed across all the jaws. The clamping condition was then simulated in order to infer the influence that the gripping forces and the lack of uniformity in clamping, have on the deformations of the part. With this dissertation, it was possible to draw conclusions about the influence of clamping forces on the deformations of the part under study, as well as to demonstrate the importance of these studies in improving the quality of components.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aperto para maquinação bucha de diafragma dispositivo de medição de forças forças de aperto deformações na maquinação