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SISTEMAS DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL E BIODIVERSIDADE: CASOS DE ESTUDO NOS SETORES DA PRODUÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS E BEBIDAS E DO ALOJAMENTO TURÍSTICO
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Resumo(s)
A perda da biodiversidade é uma das grandes preocupações atuais e a sobrevivência e bem-estar da
espécie humana estão intrinsecamente dependentes do mundo natural. Assim, têm sido definidos
planos e estratégias internacionais que visam o restauro e conservação da biodiversidade e dos
ecossistemas naturais. Estes planos realçam a necessidade de atuação efetiva e colaboração entre os
stakeholders relevantes para cumprir os objetivos traçados. O papel das empresas neste âmbito é
indiscutível e verifica-se um aumento da pressão para a sua responsabilização quanto à degradação
da biodiversidade. De facto, os modelos de negócio tradicionais promovem impactes potencialmente
graves para o meio natural, e as próprias empresas dependem desta componente, direta ou
indiretamente, para a prosperidade dos seus negócios. Porém, verificam-se diversos
constrangimentos na definição e implementação de ações eficazes para lidar com estas questões. Esta
dissertação pretendeu explorar as lacunas e oportunidades de integração da componente da
biodiversidade no processo de um sistema de gestão ambiental segundo o Sistema Comunitário de
Ecogestão e Auditoria. Com este objetivo, realizou-se uma análise sistemática de declarações
ambientais europeias e concretizaram-se entrevistas com empresas portuguesas, de modo a
compreender as suas práticas, dificuldades e perceções quanto à gestão de aspetos da biodiversidade.
Esta análise foi realizada para dois subsetores do fabrico de produtos alimentares e bebidas e para o
subsetor do alojamento turístico. Como resultado do trabalho desenvolvido, elaborou-se um modelo
conceptual para cada setor analisado e recomendações para a sua operacionalização, visando
promover a integração de aspetos da biodiversidade num sistema de gestão ambiental. Concluiu-se
acerca: da importância da capacitação das empresas, nomeadamente, quanto à identificação e
avaliação de impactes, dependências, riscos e oportunidades face à biodiversidade; da relevância de
reforçar a integração de aspetos da biodiversidade no regulamento do Sistema Comunitário de
Ecogestão e Auditoria, padronizando o reporte de questões relevantes neste âmbito e equacionando
a complementaridade com outras ferramentas; e sobre a necessidade de cooperação entre os
stakeholders chave.
The loss of biodiversity is one of the main current concerns and the survival and wellbeing of the human species are intrinsically dependent on the natural world. That being said, international strategies and action plans have and are continuing to be developed, aiming for the restoration and conservation of biodiversity and natural ecosystems. These plans enhance the necessity of effective action and collaboration between relevant stakeholders to achieve the defined goals. Companies’ role in this scope is unquestionable and increasing pressure is noticeable for their accountability when it comes to the degradation of biodiversity. In fact, the traditional business models promote potentially severe impacts on the natural environment, and companies themselves depend on this component, directly or indirectly, for the prosperity of their businesses. However, there are several constraints to effective action definition and implementation to deal with these matters. This thesis intends to explore the gaps and opportunities of the integration of biodiversity components in the process of an environmental management system according to the EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme. With this goal, a systematic analysis of European environmental declarations was performed, and interviews were conducted with Portuguese companies, in order to understand their practices, difficulties and perceptions on biodiversity management. This analysis was conducted for two subsectors of food and beverage products and for the tourist accommodation subsector. As a result of the developed work, a conceptual model was created for each analysed sector and recommendations were made for their operationalization, aiming to promote the integration of biodiversity in an environmental management system. Conclusions were taken about: the importance of companies’ capabilities, specifically, regarding the identification and evaluation of impacts, dependencies, risks, and opportunities regarding biodiversity; the relevance of reinforcing the integration of biodiversity topics on the EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme regulation, standardizing the reporting of relevant matters in this scope, and taking in consideration the complementarity with other tools; and about the need of cooperation between key stakeholders.
The loss of biodiversity is one of the main current concerns and the survival and wellbeing of the human species are intrinsically dependent on the natural world. That being said, international strategies and action plans have and are continuing to be developed, aiming for the restoration and conservation of biodiversity and natural ecosystems. These plans enhance the necessity of effective action and collaboration between relevant stakeholders to achieve the defined goals. Companies’ role in this scope is unquestionable and increasing pressure is noticeable for their accountability when it comes to the degradation of biodiversity. In fact, the traditional business models promote potentially severe impacts on the natural environment, and companies themselves depend on this component, directly or indirectly, for the prosperity of their businesses. However, there are several constraints to effective action definition and implementation to deal with these matters. This thesis intends to explore the gaps and opportunities of the integration of biodiversity components in the process of an environmental management system according to the EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme. With this goal, a systematic analysis of European environmental declarations was performed, and interviews were conducted with Portuguese companies, in order to understand their practices, difficulties and perceptions on biodiversity management. This analysis was conducted for two subsectors of food and beverage products and for the tourist accommodation subsector. As a result of the developed work, a conceptual model was created for each analysed sector and recommendations were made for their operationalization, aiming to promote the integration of biodiversity in an environmental management system. Conclusions were taken about: the importance of companies’ capabilities, specifically, regarding the identification and evaluation of impacts, dependencies, risks, and opportunities regarding biodiversity; the relevance of reinforcing the integration of biodiversity topics on the EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme regulation, standardizing the reporting of relevant matters in this scope, and taking in consideration the complementarity with other tools; and about the need of cooperation between key stakeholders.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
biodiversidade sistema de gestão ambiental Sistema Comunitário de Ecogestão e Auditoria stakeholders alimentos e bebidas alojamento turístico