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Melhoramento das condições acústicas num espaço de restauração
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Os espaços de restauração como cantinas escolares e universidades são locais de grande
afluência de pessoas e, devido, à falta de elementos de absorção sonora e à quantidade
elevada de indivíduos, o ruído torna-se um problema para aqueles que frequentam estes
locais. Na Casa do Pessoal, localizado na FCT da UNL, foi percecionado informalmente
que o ruído elevado causa desconforto nos funcionários nos horários de maior afluência.
A realização desta dissertação foi fundamental para avaliar de forma objetiva o nível
do ruído e desconforto, identificar medidas corretivas existentes no mercado e, ainda,
perceber as que têm a melhor relação custo/qualidade. De modo a perceber o impacto do
ruído foi realizado um inquérito aos funcionários. Através destas questões compreendeu-
se também a perceção ao ruído de cada indivíduo. Para caracterizar o ambiente sonoro
efetuaram-se medições do tempo de reverberação que foram comparadas com o valor
regulamentar do Decreto-Lei n.º 96/2008 de 9 de Junho. Para além disso, efetuaram-se
simulações numéricas através do módulo Harmonic Acoustics do Ansys. Estas simulações
tiveram como objetivo comparar os valores obtidos com os valores medidos do SPL,
através do sonómetro, em duas posições. Ainda foram realizadas simulações numéricas
com medidas corretivas (espumas acústicas, mobília com capacidade de absorção e, ainda,
painéis acústicos de materiais naturais e sintéticos) aplicadas, para perceber qual a mais
eficiente.
Através da realização do inquérito, para além de se ter obtido o nível de insatisfação
e a perceção de cada indivíduo, perceberam-se também as consequências que as fontes
sonoras têm nos funcionários. Relativamente a resultados experimentais concluiu-se que
os valores medidos do T60 pelos métodos do ruído interrompido e do rebentamento do
balão são superiores ao limite. Em relação às simulações numéricas percebeu-se que os
valores da posição 1 se aproximavam mais à realidade. Para além disso concluiu-se que a
solução de atenuação ao ruído que obteve melhores resultados foi a quarta proposta da
solução n.º 1: colocação de 32 unidades de espumas acústicas, permitindo a redução do
SPL nas posições 1 e 2 para as frequências de 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz e 2000 Hz.
Concluiu-se que há uma elevada necessidade de realizar o melhoramento das condições
acústicas (através do valor do tempo de reverberação obtido), com a possibilidade de aplicar a solução que apresentou melhores resultados relativamente à atenuação ao ruído.
Dining spaces such as school cafeterias and university canteens are places with a high influx of people, and due to the lack of sound-absorbing elements and the high number of individuals, noise becomes a problem for those who frequent these places. At Casa do Pessoal, located in the FCT at UNL, it was informally perceived that the high noise levels cause discomfort for the staff during peak hours. The completion of this dissertation was essential to objectively assess the noise level and discomfort, identify corrective measures available in the market, and also understand those with the best cost/quality ratio. To understand the impact of noise, a survey was conducted among the staff. Through these questions, the perception of noise by each individual was also understood. To characterize the sound environment, measurements of the reverberation time were taken and compared with the regulatory value of Decree-Law No. 96/2008 of June 9th. In addition, numerical simulations were conducted using the "Harmonic Acoustics"module of "Ansys."The aim of these simulations was to compare the values obtained with the measured SPL values using a sound level meter in two positions. Numerical simulations with corrective measures (acoustic foam, furniture with absorption capacity, and acoustic panels made of natural and synthetic materials) were also carried out to determine the most efficient solution. Through the survey, in addition to obtaining the level of dissatisfaction and the perception of each individual, the consequences of sound sources on the staff were also understood. Regarding experimental results, it was concluded that the measured values of TR60 using the interrupted noise and balloon burst methods exceeded the limit. As for numerical simulations, it was found that the values in position 1 were closer to reality. Furthermore, it was concluded that the most effective noise attenuation solution was the fourth proposed solution from solution No. 1: placing 32 units of acoustic foam, allowing for the reduction of SPL at positions 1 and 2 for frequencies of 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz. It was concluded that there is a significant need to improve the acoustic conditions (based on the obtained reverberation time value) with the possibility of implementing the solution that yielded the best results in terms of noise attenuation.
Dining spaces such as school cafeterias and university canteens are places with a high influx of people, and due to the lack of sound-absorbing elements and the high number of individuals, noise becomes a problem for those who frequent these places. At Casa do Pessoal, located in the FCT at UNL, it was informally perceived that the high noise levels cause discomfort for the staff during peak hours. The completion of this dissertation was essential to objectively assess the noise level and discomfort, identify corrective measures available in the market, and also understand those with the best cost/quality ratio. To understand the impact of noise, a survey was conducted among the staff. Through these questions, the perception of noise by each individual was also understood. To characterize the sound environment, measurements of the reverberation time were taken and compared with the regulatory value of Decree-Law No. 96/2008 of June 9th. In addition, numerical simulations were conducted using the "Harmonic Acoustics"module of "Ansys."The aim of these simulations was to compare the values obtained with the measured SPL values using a sound level meter in two positions. Numerical simulations with corrective measures (acoustic foam, furniture with absorption capacity, and acoustic panels made of natural and synthetic materials) were also carried out to determine the most efficient solution. Through the survey, in addition to obtaining the level of dissatisfaction and the perception of each individual, the consequences of sound sources on the staff were also understood. Regarding experimental results, it was concluded that the measured values of TR60 using the interrupted noise and balloon burst methods exceeded the limit. As for numerical simulations, it was found that the values in position 1 were closer to reality. Furthermore, it was concluded that the most effective noise attenuation solution was the fourth proposed solution from solution No. 1: placing 32 units of acoustic foam, allowing for the reduction of SPL at positions 1 and 2 for frequencies of 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz. It was concluded that there is a significant need to improve the acoustic conditions (based on the obtained reverberation time value) with the possibility of implementing the solution that yielded the best results in terms of noise attenuation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Acústica ruído espaço de restauração medições do som simulação numérica