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Proposta de Modelo para a Gestão de Stocks em sistemas Engineer To Order: caso de estudo na indústria
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Atualmente todas as empresas devem ter uma gestão de stocks otimizada visando o
aumento do nível de serviço aos clientes e a redução de custos. Muitas vezes estes objetivos
não são alcançados devido à aplicação de políticas de gestão de stocks inadequadas, tendo em
conta a procura dos produtos dessas empresas.
Na literatura consultada, aborda-se detalhadamente que métodos de gestão de stocks
devem ser adotados e em que circunstâncias, no entanto, há pouca informação referente à
aplicação destes métodos a sistemas de produção Make to Order e Engineer to Order. A inexis-
tência daqueles modelos resulta do facto do produto ser altamente personalizado e, consequente-
mente, ser difícil a gestão destes artigos, pois, podem diferir em termos de matéria-primas / componen-
tes.
Identificou-se a oportunidade de definir um modelo de gestão de stocks adequado a
sistemas produtivos Engineer to Order, uma vez que, nos casos de estudo realizados apesar dos
produtos vendidos serem personalizados e, diferentes entre si, as matérias constituintes dos
mesmo e as ferramentas utilizadas no seu fabrico são comuns.
A partir do conhecimento adquirido na consulta de artigos sobre os temas de gestão
de stocks e de gestão da cadeia de abastecimento construiu-se um método adequado a este tipo
de sistema produtivo.
Na revisão de literatura pesquisaram-se metodologias relevantes para a solução do
problema, nomeadamente, como efetuar a seriação dos artigos, incluindo a análise de valor,
de variabilidade da procura e da quantidade, como estimar o custo de posse, de encomenda e
de rotura., que revisões de stock a aplicar e como calcular os parâmetros necessários à sua
aplicação e, ainda, como calcular os custos associados a cada uma das revisões de stocks anali-
sadas.
Atendendo a que a ArgoBaum é uma empresa com um sistema produtivo Engineer to
Order e que tinha a necessidade de melhorar a gestão dos seus stocks surgiu a oportunidade
para realização dos casos de estudo, tendo em vista a validação do método proposto e a solu-
ção do problema da ArgoBaum.
Começou-se o caso de estudo com a classificação de stocks, de forma a realizar uma
hierarquia em termos de valor (Análise ABC), seguida da análise da variabilidade da procura
(Análise XYZ) e da quantidade (Análise FSN). A análise da procura naquelas três vertentes foi fundamental, de forma a adequar, o mais possível, as conclusões retiradas à realidade da em-
presa.
Após a seriação dos produtos, estimaram-se os custos anteriormente referidos e o lead
time de cada produto, posteriormente, calcularam-se os parâmetros de aplicação das três revi-
sões de stock estudadas, a revisão continua, periódica e híbrida (heurística de Naddor). Por
fim, calculou-se o custo associado a cada uma das revisões para os níveis de serviço de 85%,
90%, 95% e 99% e considerou-se que a revisão com o menor custo seria a mais vantajosa para
a empresa.
O modelo selecionado permitirá à empresa encomendar os artigos necessários no mo-
mento e na quantidade correta. Dada a duração do trabalho, não foi possível implementar os
modelos selecionados, mas é sugerido na conclusão que a sua implementação se faça e que se
determine a melhor forma de organização do armazém da ArgoBaum.
Currently, all companies must have optimized stock management with the aim of in- creasing customer service levels and reducing costs. Often, these objectives are not achieved due to the implementation of inadequate stock management policies, considering the demand for the products of these companies. In the literature consulted, there is detailed discussion about which stock management methods should be adopted and under what circumstances. However, there is limited information regarding the application of these methods to Make to Order and Engineer to Order production systems. The absence of these models is due to the highly customized nature of the product, making the management of these items challenging as they may differ in terms of raw materials/components. An opportunity was identified to define a stock management model suitable for Engineer to Order production systems since, in the studied cases, even though the products sold are customized and different from each other, the constituent materials and tools used in their manufacture are common. Drawing from the knowledge acquired from articles on stock management and supply chain management, a method suitable for this type of production system was developed. In the literature review, relevant methodologies for solving the problem were explored, including how to classify items, value analysis, demand variability, and quantity analysis, estimating holding, ordering, and shortage costs, which stock review methods to apply, and how to calculate the necessary parameters for their implementation. Additionally, it considered how to calculate the costs associated with each of the reviewed stock methods. Considering that ArgoBaum is a company with an Engineer to Order production sys- tem and had a need to improve its stock management, the opportunity arose to conduct case studies with the aim of validating the proposed method and solving ArgoBaum's problem.The case study began with the classification of stocks to create a hierarchy based on value (ABC Analysis), followed by an analysis of demand variability (XYZ Analysis) and quantity (FSN Analysis). The analysis of demand in these three dimensions was essential to align the conclusions as closely as possible with the company's reality. After the product classification, the previously mentioned costs and the lead time for each product were estimated. Subsequently, the parameters for implementing the three stock review methods studied, continuous review, periodic review, and hybrid review (Naddor's heuristic), were calculated. Finally, the cost associated with each review was calculated for service levels of 85%, 90%, 95%, and 99%. It was considered that the review with the lowest cost would be the most advantageous for the company. The selected model will enable the company to order the necessary items at the right time and in the correct quantity. Due to the duration of the work, the implementation of the selected models was not possible. However, it is suggested in the conclusion that their implementation should be carried out, along with determining the best organization of ArgoBaum's warehouse.
Currently, all companies must have optimized stock management with the aim of in- creasing customer service levels and reducing costs. Often, these objectives are not achieved due to the implementation of inadequate stock management policies, considering the demand for the products of these companies. In the literature consulted, there is detailed discussion about which stock management methods should be adopted and under what circumstances. However, there is limited information regarding the application of these methods to Make to Order and Engineer to Order production systems. The absence of these models is due to the highly customized nature of the product, making the management of these items challenging as they may differ in terms of raw materials/components. An opportunity was identified to define a stock management model suitable for Engineer to Order production systems since, in the studied cases, even though the products sold are customized and different from each other, the constituent materials and tools used in their manufacture are common. Drawing from the knowledge acquired from articles on stock management and supply chain management, a method suitable for this type of production system was developed. In the literature review, relevant methodologies for solving the problem were explored, including how to classify items, value analysis, demand variability, and quantity analysis, estimating holding, ordering, and shortage costs, which stock review methods to apply, and how to calculate the necessary parameters for their implementation. Additionally, it considered how to calculate the costs associated with each of the reviewed stock methods. Considering that ArgoBaum is a company with an Engineer to Order production sys- tem and had a need to improve its stock management, the opportunity arose to conduct case studies with the aim of validating the proposed method and solving ArgoBaum's problem.The case study began with the classification of stocks to create a hierarchy based on value (ABC Analysis), followed by an analysis of demand variability (XYZ Analysis) and quantity (FSN Analysis). The analysis of demand in these three dimensions was essential to align the conclusions as closely as possible with the company's reality. After the product classification, the previously mentioned costs and the lead time for each product were estimated. Subsequently, the parameters for implementing the three stock review methods studied, continuous review, periodic review, and hybrid review (Naddor's heuristic), were calculated. Finally, the cost associated with each review was calculated for service levels of 85%, 90%, 95%, and 99%. It was considered that the review with the lowest cost would be the most advantageous for the company. The selected model will enable the company to order the necessary items at the right time and in the correct quantity. Due to the duration of the work, the implementation of the selected models was not possible. However, it is suggested in the conclusion that their implementation should be carried out, along with determining the best organization of ArgoBaum's warehouse.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gestão da Cadeia de Abastecimento Gestão de Stocks Classificação de Stocks Engineering to order