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Vantagens da Pré-fabricação na Construção: Análise Comparativa entre Escadas Pré-fabricadas e Tradicionais com o Método Choosing By Advantages
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A construção em Portugal atravessa um período no qual tem de se transformar, devido à falta de
mão de obra qualificada que se regista, ao aumento dos custos dos materiais de construção e à necessi-
dade urgente de reabilitação de edifícios e construção de novas habitações. Na orçamentação global do
projeto, 30-50% dos custos são referentes à mão de obra, o que demonstra a sua importância na atuali-
dade da construção. Os licenciamentos de obras chegam a demorar anos, a duração das obras acaba por
atrasar e ocorrem prejuízos para as empresas construtoras e para os investidores. É necessário moderni-
zar a construção em Portugal.
A construção industrial afigura-se como uma das melhores soluções para fazer face a estas pro-
blemáticas, já com resultados práticos otimistas nos mercados nórdicos e asiáticos. A pré-fabricação
permite diminuir a necessidade de mão de obra qualificada, a redução da duração da construção, redução
de custos, desperdícios e aumento do controlo da qualidade, para além de ser mais uma ferramenta a
contribuir para atingir as metas impostas pela União Europeia para a redução dos Gases com Efeito de
Estufa (GEE) até 2030 e, posteriormente, 2050. Outra problemática que se pretende resolver na cons-
trução em Portugal é a desarticulação entre as especialidades e documentação referente aos projetos e o
conservadorismo relativamente à mudança da construção tradicional para a industrializada. Para tal,
existem ferramentas como o Building Information Modeling (BIM) que permite organização de docu-
mentação e informação sobre o projeto e a obra.
A metodologia proposta na presente dissertação, Choosing By Advantages (CBA), é uma meto-
dologia que permite criar consenso entre stakeholders e especialidades envolvidas na tomada de decisão.
Com a aplicação desta metodologia, todas as partes envolvidas ficam a par das decisões tomadas, há
conhecimento sobre as alternativas propostas e as suas vantagens, resolvendo, assim, o problema da
falta de comunicação e do desconhecimento das decisões tomadas.
Os resultados desta Dissertação têm por objetivo evidenciar as vantagens da pré-fabricação e os
efeitos da sua aplicação noutros países, de modo a replicar em Portugal e, em termos práticos, a aplica-
ção da CBA à comparação de escadas tradicionais e pré-fabricadas numa primeira parte e, numa segunda
parte, à comparação de soluções de apoio para escadas pré-fabricadas, algo nunca antes realizado.
Concluiu-se que a pré-fabricação apresenta várias vantagens e a CBA permitiu constatar que a
melhor solução para o edifício em estudo são Escadas Pré-fabricadas apoiadas na solução de apoio Cast-
In+Cantoneira, tanto pelos custos apresentados como pela avaliação de IoA.
The construction industry in Portugal is undergoing a necessary transformation period due to the shortage of skilled labour, the escalating cost of construction materials and the urgent need to reno- vate building and build new housing.In the overall the labour accounts for 30-50% of the total project budget, emphasizing its significance in contemporary construction. Permits for construction projects can take years to obtain, causing delays and financial setbacks for contractors and investors. There is an urgent need to modernize the construction industry in Portugal. Industrialized construction emerges as one of the most promising solutions to address these challenges, with optimistic practical outcomes already observed in Nordic and Asian markets. Prefabri- cation reduces the demand for skilled labour, shortens construction timelines, reduces costs, minimizes waste, and enhances quality control. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool to help meet the European Union's Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GGE) reduction targets by 2030 and subsequently by 2050.Another issue to address in Portuguese construction industry is the lack of organization between specialized disciplines and project documentation, as well as the reluctance to move from conventional to industri- alized construction techniques. To address these challenges, tools such as Building Information Model- ing (BIM) are available to facilitate document and project information management. The methodology proposed in this dissertation, Choosing By Advantages (CBA), aims to pro- mote consensus among stakeholders and specialized professionals involved in decision-making pro- cesses. By applying this methodology, all parties gain insight into the decisions being made, as well as knowledge of the proposed alternatives and their advantages. This solves issues related to communica- tion gaps and lack of awareness regarding decision outcomes. The theoretical outcome of this dissertation for the Portuguese literature is to showcase the ben- efits of prefabrication and the results of its implementation abroad, with the intention of replicating these practices in Portugal. In practical terms, the CBA methodology is applied to compare traditional and prefabricated staircases in the first part, and in the second part, to evaluate support solutions for prefab- ricated staircases, something that has never been explored before. It was concluded that prefabrication offers several advantages and the CBA revealed that the best solution for the studied building is Prefabricated Stairs supported by the Cast-In+Cantoneira sup- port solution, both based on the costs presented and the IoA assessment.
The construction industry in Portugal is undergoing a necessary transformation period due to the shortage of skilled labour, the escalating cost of construction materials and the urgent need to reno- vate building and build new housing.In the overall the labour accounts for 30-50% of the total project budget, emphasizing its significance in contemporary construction. Permits for construction projects can take years to obtain, causing delays and financial setbacks for contractors and investors. There is an urgent need to modernize the construction industry in Portugal. Industrialized construction emerges as one of the most promising solutions to address these challenges, with optimistic practical outcomes already observed in Nordic and Asian markets. Prefabri- cation reduces the demand for skilled labour, shortens construction timelines, reduces costs, minimizes waste, and enhances quality control. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool to help meet the European Union's Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GGE) reduction targets by 2030 and subsequently by 2050.Another issue to address in Portuguese construction industry is the lack of organization between specialized disciplines and project documentation, as well as the reluctance to move from conventional to industri- alized construction techniques. To address these challenges, tools such as Building Information Model- ing (BIM) are available to facilitate document and project information management. The methodology proposed in this dissertation, Choosing By Advantages (CBA), aims to pro- mote consensus among stakeholders and specialized professionals involved in decision-making pro- cesses. By applying this methodology, all parties gain insight into the decisions being made, as well as knowledge of the proposed alternatives and their advantages. This solves issues related to communica- tion gaps and lack of awareness regarding decision outcomes. The theoretical outcome of this dissertation for the Portuguese literature is to showcase the ben- efits of prefabrication and the results of its implementation abroad, with the intention of replicating these practices in Portugal. In practical terms, the CBA methodology is applied to compare traditional and prefabricated staircases in the first part, and in the second part, to evaluate support solutions for prefab- ricated staircases, something that has never been explored before. It was concluded that prefabrication offers several advantages and the CBA revealed that the best solution for the studied building is Prefabricated Stairs supported by the Cast-In+Cantoneira sup- port solution, both based on the costs presented and the IoA assessment.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Portugal Construção industrializada Custos BIM JIT GEE