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A tuberculose, apesar de todos os avanços científicos e tecnológicos, continua a constituir, mais do que nunca, um grave e importante problema de saúde pública a nível mundial.1,2 Uma vez infectado por M.t., o indivíduo permanece infectado durante muitos anos, provavelmente para o resto da vida.4 Nestes indivíduos infectados mas saudáveis e assintomáticos, a única evidência de infecção pode ser um teste cutâneo de tuberculina ou teste interferão-gamma positivos.5
Este estudo é constituído por 32 indivíduos, com uma média de idades de 34 anos, a maior parte dos indivíduos em idade activa Da população estudada, 43,8% tinha comportamentos de risco, a maior percentagem referiu o consumo de tabaco como o principal comportamento de risco.
Verifica-se que todos os indivíduos com comportamentos de risco tiveram um resultado positivo no TST (n=14), esse resultado só se manteve positivo em cerca de 1/3 do mesmo número de indivíduos quando utilizado o teste IGRA.
Os conviventes representam cerca de 2/3 da população estudada (n=19), referindo, na sua maioria, terem um contacto próximo com o caso índice (n=17). Destes, 14 tiveram contacto com um doente com baciloscopias positivas.
Dos inquiridos, 84,4% tinham registo ou cicatriz vacinal do BCG, em 9,4% a vacina BCG era desconhecida e 6,3% não tinham registo nem cicatriz do BCG. Dos indivíduos vacinados mais de metade (n=14) teve um resultado negativo para IGRA. Enquanto que, o inverso se verifica no resultado final do TST.
Mais de 50% dos indivíduos tiveram um resultado negativo para IGRA, apenas 37,5% teve um resultado positivo e 9,4% um resultado indeterminado. Sendo o IGRA determinante na maior parte dos indivíduos para o resultado final do rastreio, e dada a alta especificidade do QFT-GIT, o estudo denota um desempenho mais favorável para detectar exposição ao M.t. do QFT-GIT comparando com o TST. Apenas 34,4% da população total iniciou tratamento para ILTB e 12,5% quimioprofilaxia. Foram detectados dois casos de TB doença, mas cujo resultado final do rastreio de um deles não teve qualquer influência do IGRA, uma vez que este foi negativo.
Este trabalho é apenas uma pequena parte do fenómeno em estudo e os resultados obtidos podem constituir uma base para o desenvolvimento de outros estudos de investigação.
Tuberculosis, despite all the scientific and technological advances, continues to be, more than ever, a serious and important public health problem worldwide. Once infected with M.t., the individual remains infected for many years, probably for the rest of his life. In those individuals infected but healthy and asymptomatic, the only evidence of infection may be a tuberculin skin test or test positive interferon-gamma. This study consists of 32 individuals, with an average age of 34 years, most individuals of working age. The study population, 43,8% had risk behaviors, the highest percentage reported tobacco use as the main risk behavior. It appears that all individuals who had risk factors had a positive TST (n=14), this result remained positive in only about 1/3 of the same number of individuals when using the IGRA test. The living together represent about 2/3 of the study population (n=19), referring, mostly, have a close contact with the index case (n=17). Of these, 14 had contact with a patient with sputum smear positive. Of the respondents, 84,4% had registration or BCG scar, 9,4% in the BCG vaccine was unknown and 6,3% had no registration or scar. Of the individuals vaccinated more than half (n=14) had a negative IGRA result. While the reverse is true in the final result of the TST. More than 50% of the subjects had a negative IGRA result, 37,5% had a positive and 9,4% an indeterminate result. Since IGRA determinant in most individuals to the outcome of the screening, and given the high specificity of QFT-GIT, the study indicates a more favorable performance to detect exposure to M.t. the QFT-GIT compared with the TST. Only 34,4% of the total population started treatment for LTBI and prophylaxis 12,5%. We detected two cases of TB disease, but whose end result of the screening of one of them had no influence of IGRA, since this was negative. This work is only a small part of the phenomenon under study and the results obtained may serve as a basis for the development of other research studies.
Tuberculosis, despite all the scientific and technological advances, continues to be, more than ever, a serious and important public health problem worldwide. Once infected with M.t., the individual remains infected for many years, probably for the rest of his life. In those individuals infected but healthy and asymptomatic, the only evidence of infection may be a tuberculin skin test or test positive interferon-gamma. This study consists of 32 individuals, with an average age of 34 years, most individuals of working age. The study population, 43,8% had risk behaviors, the highest percentage reported tobacco use as the main risk behavior. It appears that all individuals who had risk factors had a positive TST (n=14), this result remained positive in only about 1/3 of the same number of individuals when using the IGRA test. The living together represent about 2/3 of the study population (n=19), referring, mostly, have a close contact with the index case (n=17). Of these, 14 had contact with a patient with sputum smear positive. Of the respondents, 84,4% had registration or BCG scar, 9,4% in the BCG vaccine was unknown and 6,3% had no registration or scar. Of the individuals vaccinated more than half (n=14) had a negative IGRA result. While the reverse is true in the final result of the TST. More than 50% of the subjects had a negative IGRA result, 37,5% had a positive and 9,4% an indeterminate result. Since IGRA determinant in most individuals to the outcome of the screening, and given the high specificity of QFT-GIT, the study indicates a more favorable performance to detect exposure to M.t. the QFT-GIT compared with the TST. Only 34,4% of the total population started treatment for LTBI and prophylaxis 12,5%. We detected two cases of TB disease, but whose end result of the screening of one of them had no influence of IGRA, since this was negative. This work is only a small part of the phenomenon under study and the results obtained may serve as a basis for the development of other research studies.
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Doenças dos pulmões Tuberculose Metodologia de análise e diagnóstico Testes Testes de sensibilidade à tuberculina IGRA
