A carregar...
Publicação
O perfil da insegurança alimentar na ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde, e a associação entre a situação de insegurança alimentar das famílias e o estado nutricional das crianças menores de cinco anos de idade
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.06 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Resumo: Compreender o fenómeno de insegurança alimentar é cada vez mais um desafio presente e urgente. Cabo Verde sempre se debateu com as consequências diretas que advêm da condição de pequeno país insular e das especificidades geoclimáticas que fazem com que este esteja numa constante situação de vulnerabilidade e insegurança alimentar (IA)(1). Este estudo pretendeu traçar o perfil de IA associando-a a fatores sociodemográficos/económicos e às condições do agregado familiar e perceber a associação entre a situação de IA das famílias e o estado nutricional das crianças menores de 5 anos de idade.
Métodos: Neste estudo analisaram-se dados secundários referentes à ilha de Santiago, recolhidos no IN-VANF, realizado entre os meses de setembro e outubro de 2018 e cedidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura e Ambiente de Cabo Verde. Após uma análise descritiva e uso de testes de hipóteses, foram usados modelos de regressão quantílica para explorar potenciais fatores que expliquem a distribuição do score bruto da FIES, dando destaque ao primeiro (Q1), segundo (Q2) e terceiro (Q3) deste score.
Resultados: Do total de 1811 agregados familiares (AF) residentes em Santiago, Cabo Verde, 1443 (79,7%, IC95%: ]77,8%; 81,5%[) encontram-se numa situação de IA. Sete dos nove concelhos apresentam percentagens elevadas de IA, sendo que a cidade da Praia apresenta 50,3% dos AF inseguros do ponto de vista alimentar. Os modelos referentes aos três quartis do score bruto da FIES apresentam R² baixos, correspondendo o maior valor ao Q3 (com R² =23,8%). A variável rendimento mensal do AF integra os três modelos, parecendo ser um fator preponderante na situação de IA dos AF residentes na ilha de Santiago. Relativamente ao modelo apresentado para o Q1, o impacto do meio de residência e do nível de literacia do RAF não foram significativos. Os AF cuja principal fonte de rendimento é proveniente da agricultura e criação de gado/pesca apresentam piores valores em termos do score do que as restantes fontes de rendimento referidas. O impacto da alfabetização do RAF é significativo, sendo que não saber ler nem escrever apresenta um acréscimo relativamente ao score de insegurança alimentar. Relativamente ao universo de crianças menores de cinco anos (N=706) apresentaram baixas frequências de Sobrepeso, Baixo Peso, Desnutrição Crónica e Desnutrição Aguda. Ainda assim a desnutrição crónica global apresenta os valores mais altos (12,4%, n=53, IC95:]5,80;9,72%[). Não se encontrou uma relação entre a situação de IA das famílias residentes da ilha de Santiago e o estado nutricional dos respetivos elementos com menos de 5 anos de idade. Foi encontrada uma associação entre situação de IA dos AF e o quadro de diarreia reportado nas crianças menores de 5 anos de idade (p=0,001). Acrescentar que as famílias cujas crianças não apresentaram um quadro de diarreia nos 3 meses anteriores registam uma menor frequência de IA, bem como valores inferiores na escala de severidade.
Conclusões: Globalmente, do total de 1811 agregados familiares (AF) residentes em Santiago, 1443 (79,7%, IC95%: ]77,8%; 81,5%[) encontram-se numa situação de IA. Os desafios que o país, em particular a ilha de Santiago, enfrenta são um fardo pesado com impacto direto na disponibilidade e acesso alimentar. Sendo, por isso, essencial a continuação de recolha e sistematização de dados como base orientadora de políticas e de financiamento.
Abstract: Understanding the phenomenon of food insecurity is an increasingly urgent challenge. Cape Verde has always struggled with the direct consequences of being a small island country and the country's geoclimatic specificities, which mean that it is in a constant situation of vulnerability and food insecurity (FI)(1). The aim of this study was to draw up a profile of FI associated with sociodemographic/economic factors and household conditions, and to understand the association between the FI situation of families and the nutritional status of children under 5. Methods: This study analyzed data for the island of Santiago, collected during the IN-VANF survey carried out between September and October 2018 and provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment of Cape Verde. After a descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing, quantile regression models were used to explore potential factors that explain the distribution of the FIES gross score, highlighting the first (Q1), second (Q2) and third (Q3) of this score. Results: Of the total of 1811 households (HF) living in Santiago, Cape Verde, 1443 (79.7%, 95%CI: ]77.8%; 81.5%[) are in a situation of FI. Seven of the nine municipalities have high percentages of FI, with the city of Praia standing out with 50.3% of FI who are food insecure. The models for the three quartiles of the FIES gross score show low R2, with the highest value corresponding to Q3 (with R2 =23.8%). The variable monthly income of the HF is included in all three models and seems to be a preponderant factor in the FI situation of the HF living on the island of Santiago. With regard to the model presented for Q1, the impact of the RAF's place of residence and literacy level were not significant. FAs whose main source of income comes from agriculture and livestock/fishing have worse values in terms of the score than the other sources of income mentioned. The impact of literacy in the RAF is significant, with not being able to read or write increasing the food insecurity score. The universe of children under five (N=706) showed low frequencies of overweight, underweight, chronic malnutrition and acute malnutrition. Even so, overall chronic malnutrition showed the highest values (12.4%, n=53, 95%CI:]5.80;9.72%[). No relationship was found between the FI status of families living on the island of Santiago and the nutritional status of their children under 5 years of age. An association was found between the FI status of FAs and the diarrhea reported in children under 5 years of age (p=0.001). In addition, families whose children had not suffered from diarrhea in the previous 3 months recorded a lower frequency of FI, as well as lower values on the severity scale. Conclusions: Overall, of the total of 1,811 households (HF) living in Santiago, 1,443 (79.7%, 95%CI: ]77.8%; 81.5%[) are in a situation of FI. The challenges facing the country, particularly the island of Santiago, are a heavy burden with a direct impact on food availability and access. It is therefore essential to continue collecting and systematizing data as a basis for guiding policies and funding.
Abstract: Understanding the phenomenon of food insecurity is an increasingly urgent challenge. Cape Verde has always struggled with the direct consequences of being a small island country and the country's geoclimatic specificities, which mean that it is in a constant situation of vulnerability and food insecurity (FI)(1). The aim of this study was to draw up a profile of FI associated with sociodemographic/economic factors and household conditions, and to understand the association between the FI situation of families and the nutritional status of children under 5. Methods: This study analyzed data for the island of Santiago, collected during the IN-VANF survey carried out between September and October 2018 and provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment of Cape Verde. After a descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing, quantile regression models were used to explore potential factors that explain the distribution of the FIES gross score, highlighting the first (Q1), second (Q2) and third (Q3) of this score. Results: Of the total of 1811 households (HF) living in Santiago, Cape Verde, 1443 (79.7%, 95%CI: ]77.8%; 81.5%[) are in a situation of FI. Seven of the nine municipalities have high percentages of FI, with the city of Praia standing out with 50.3% of FI who are food insecure. The models for the three quartiles of the FIES gross score show low R2, with the highest value corresponding to Q3 (with R2 =23.8%). The variable monthly income of the HF is included in all three models and seems to be a preponderant factor in the FI situation of the HF living on the island of Santiago. With regard to the model presented for Q1, the impact of the RAF's place of residence and literacy level were not significant. FAs whose main source of income comes from agriculture and livestock/fishing have worse values in terms of the score than the other sources of income mentioned. The impact of literacy in the RAF is significant, with not being able to read or write increasing the food insecurity score. The universe of children under five (N=706) showed low frequencies of overweight, underweight, chronic malnutrition and acute malnutrition. Even so, overall chronic malnutrition showed the highest values (12.4%, n=53, 95%CI:]5.80;9.72%[). No relationship was found between the FI status of families living on the island of Santiago and the nutritional status of their children under 5 years of age. An association was found between the FI status of FAs and the diarrhea reported in children under 5 years of age (p=0.001). In addition, families whose children had not suffered from diarrhea in the previous 3 months recorded a lower frequency of FI, as well as lower values on the severity scale. Conclusions: Overall, of the total of 1,811 households (HF) living in Santiago, 1,443 (79.7%, 95%CI: ]77.8%; 81.5%[) are in a situation of FI. The challenges facing the country, particularly the island of Santiago, are a heavy burden with a direct impact on food availability and access. It is therefore essential to continue collecting and systematizing data as a basis for guiding policies and funding.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública Alimentação Nutrição Cabo Verde