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DESAFIOS ATUAIS NA EXECUÇÃO DE OBRAS DE REABILITAÇÃO E OBRAS DE CONSTRUÇÃO NOVA. Consequências das alterações de projeto em fase de obra
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Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Sendo a AEC (Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção) e em particular o sector da construção
e imobiliário um dos mais importantes do nosso país, pois, de acordo com os últimos dados da AICCOPN relativos a 2021, representava 16,8 % do PIB nacional, seria de esperar que existisse ao longo dos anos uma evolução positiva na forma como as obras são executadas, com o objetivo de melhorar a sua produtividade, permitindo a otimização de prazos, custos e qualidade. No entanto, esta expetativa não se tem vindo a concretizar, nomeadamente na área da construção de edifícios, por diversas razões, entre as quais se destaca a enorme quantidade de alterações que atualmente se verificam em grande parte dos projetos, na fase de obra e que provocam, regra geral, grandes perturbações no seu planeamento.
Apesar desta realidade ser do conhecimento de todos os intervenientes do setor, verifica-se que continua a haver pouco investimento no projeto e que se continua a confundir o conceito de projeto de execução com a preparação de obra. Os promotores públicos e privados têm optado em investir na complexidade dos contratos, tentando passar todas as responsabilidades para as entidades executantes, em vez de investir de uma forma clara e objetiva na qualidade dos projetos, transferindo desse modo uma enorme quantidade de informações e definições para a fase de obra, com todas as dificuldades que daí resultam.
Tendo em conta esta situação, definiu-se como objetivo desta dissertação apresentar alguns dos trabalhos mais relevantes realizados pelo autor, na construção de edifícios novos e na reabilitação de edifícios antigos, que possam dar um contributo para a compreensão da complexa realidade atual.
O autor iniciou o seu percurso profissional na empresa Edifer Construções Pires Coelho e Fernandes S.A. em 1980, ligação que se prolongou durante 28 anos, tendo em março de 2009 transitado para a HCI Construções S.A. onde se mantém até aos dias de hoje como responsável pela produção da empresa. Na primeira metade da sua carreira profissional o autor foi responsável, fundamentalmente, pela execução de diversos edifícios de construção nova, mas na segunda metade, o mercado de Lisboa, onde se concentrava a construção de edifícios, quer da Edifer, quer da HCI, alterou-se completamente, tendo a reabilitação de edifícios antigos passado a ter um peso semelhante ao dos edifícios novos na atividade desenvolvida pelo autor.Uma vez que este trabalho é referente ao período iniciado em 2009, relativo portanto à se-gunda metade da carreira profissional, optou-se por apresentar os dois tipos de obras em que o autor esteve envolvido: obras de reabilitação e obras de construção nova, de forma a ser possível apresentar as dificuldades e os desafios de cada tipo de obra.
Pelas suas características particulares foram escolhidas no âmbito das obras de reabilitação, a Reabilitação da Sede do Banco de Portugal e o Edifício Ivens Arte. No caso das obras novas, foram escolhidas o Centro Champalimaud e o Exeo Office Campus, todas localizadas em Lisboa.
Nos capítulos I e II apresentam-se aspetos históricos e construtivos da construção de edifícios e alguma investigação realizada nesta área. No capítulo III são apresentados dois casos de estudo de edifícios de reabilitação e ainda outras intervenções do autor nesta área. No capítulo IV são apresentados dois casos de estudo de obras de construção nova e finalmente no capítulo V são apresentadas conclusões sobre as particularidades e desafios dos dois tipos de obras. Neste capítulo são ainda apresentados quadros resumo, com diversas obras em que o autor esteve envolvido, os quais permitem alargar as conclusões do estudo.
The AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry, with a specific emphasis on the construction and real estate sectors, holds a pivotal role in our country's economic land-scape. According to the latest data from AICCOPN in 2021, it contributed a substantial 16.8% to the national GDP. It was expected that this contribution would lead to positive advance-ments in construction practices over time. The primary goal was to enhance productivity, up-hold contracted quality standards, and optimize project timelines and cost-efficiency. Regrettably, this expectation remains unfulfilled, particularly in the domain of building con-struction. Several factors contribute to this, with a significant issue being the extensive number of alterations that frequently occur during project execution. These alterations, more often than not, result in significant disruptions to project planning and execution. Despite the widespread awareness of these challenges within the sector, it is apparent that there is a dearth of substantial investment in project planning. The distinction between the concept of an execution project and the preparatory phase of construction remains blurred. Furthermore, both public and private entities have opted to invest in the intricacies of con-tractual arrangements, thereby seeking to shift most of the responsibilities onto the executing parties. This approach stands in stark contrast to investing in the clarity and precision of project de-signs, which could alleviate many of the issues currently plaguing the industry. As a result, a significant volume of information and definitions is often transferred to the construction phase, leading to a multitude of associated difficulties. Considering the prevailing circumstances, the aim of this dissertation has been clearly delin-eated: to showcase a selection of the author's most significant projects, both in the construction of new buildings and the rehabilitation of older structures. The intention is to provide valua-ble insights into the intricate and ever-evolving challenges faced in today's construction in-dustry. The author initiated his professional career with Edifer Construções Pires Coelho e Fernandes S.A. in 1980 and maintained this connection for an impressive 28 years. In March 2009, he transitioned to HCI Construções S.A., where he currently serves as the person responsible for the company's production. In the first half of his professional career, the author was respon-sible, fundamentally, for the execution of several new constructions buildings, but in the sec-ond half, the Lisbon market, where the construction of buildings was concentrated, both for Edifer and HCI, has completely changed with the rehabilitation of old buildings starting to have a similar weight to that of new buildings in the activity developed by the author.Since this work refers to the period that started in 2009, relative, therefore, to the second half of his professional career, it was decided to present the two types of works in which the author was involved, rehabilitation and new constructions works, of so that it is possible to present the difficulties and challenges of each type of work. The Rehabilitation of the Headquarters of Banco de Portugal and the Ivens Arte Building were selected for inclusion in the category of rehabilitation projects, owing to their distinctive char-acteristics. As for new construction projects, the Champalimaud Center and the Exeo Office Center, both situated in Lisbon, were chosen. Chapters I and II delve into the historical and technical aspects of building construction, ac-companied by an overview of relevant research in this field. Chapter III offers an in-depth exploration of two case studies involving the rehabilitation of buildings and other interven-tions undertaken by the author in this domain. Chapter IV focuses on two case studies related to newly constructed buildings. Finally, in Chapter V, the specific characteristics and chal-lenges of both new construction and rehabilitation works are elucidated, along with explana-tions of their distinctions. This chapter also features two summary tables, showcasing a range of projects in which the author has been involved, thereby enriching the study's conclusions.
The AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry, with a specific emphasis on the construction and real estate sectors, holds a pivotal role in our country's economic land-scape. According to the latest data from AICCOPN in 2021, it contributed a substantial 16.8% to the national GDP. It was expected that this contribution would lead to positive advance-ments in construction practices over time. The primary goal was to enhance productivity, up-hold contracted quality standards, and optimize project timelines and cost-efficiency. Regrettably, this expectation remains unfulfilled, particularly in the domain of building con-struction. Several factors contribute to this, with a significant issue being the extensive number of alterations that frequently occur during project execution. These alterations, more often than not, result in significant disruptions to project planning and execution. Despite the widespread awareness of these challenges within the sector, it is apparent that there is a dearth of substantial investment in project planning. The distinction between the concept of an execution project and the preparatory phase of construction remains blurred. Furthermore, both public and private entities have opted to invest in the intricacies of con-tractual arrangements, thereby seeking to shift most of the responsibilities onto the executing parties. This approach stands in stark contrast to investing in the clarity and precision of project de-signs, which could alleviate many of the issues currently plaguing the industry. As a result, a significant volume of information and definitions is often transferred to the construction phase, leading to a multitude of associated difficulties. Considering the prevailing circumstances, the aim of this dissertation has been clearly delin-eated: to showcase a selection of the author's most significant projects, both in the construction of new buildings and the rehabilitation of older structures. The intention is to provide valua-ble insights into the intricate and ever-evolving challenges faced in today's construction in-dustry. The author initiated his professional career with Edifer Construções Pires Coelho e Fernandes S.A. in 1980 and maintained this connection for an impressive 28 years. In March 2009, he transitioned to HCI Construções S.A., where he currently serves as the person responsible for the company's production. In the first half of his professional career, the author was respon-sible, fundamentally, for the execution of several new constructions buildings, but in the sec-ond half, the Lisbon market, where the construction of buildings was concentrated, both for Edifer and HCI, has completely changed with the rehabilitation of old buildings starting to have a similar weight to that of new buildings in the activity developed by the author.Since this work refers to the period that started in 2009, relative, therefore, to the second half of his professional career, it was decided to present the two types of works in which the author was involved, rehabilitation and new constructions works, of so that it is possible to present the difficulties and challenges of each type of work. The Rehabilitation of the Headquarters of Banco de Portugal and the Ivens Arte Building were selected for inclusion in the category of rehabilitation projects, owing to their distinctive char-acteristics. As for new construction projects, the Champalimaud Center and the Exeo Office Center, both situated in Lisbon, were chosen. Chapters I and II delve into the historical and technical aspects of building construction, ac-companied by an overview of relevant research in this field. Chapter III offers an in-depth exploration of two case studies involving the rehabilitation of buildings and other interven-tions undertaken by the author in this domain. Chapter IV focuses on two case studies related to newly constructed buildings. Finally, in Chapter V, the specific characteristics and chal-lenges of both new construction and rehabilitation works are elucidated, along with explana-tions of their distinctions. This chapter also features two summary tables, showcasing a range of projects in which the author has been involved, thereby enriching the study's conclusions.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Obras de reabilitação Obras de construção nova Alterações de projeto Planeamento