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Avaliação Operacional, Ambiental, Social e Económica do Projeto Piloto de Ecocentro Móvel do Município de Cascais
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O crescimento económico e populacional, associados a mudanças na qualidade de vida
e no consumo de bens por parte do cidadão comum, são considerados os principais fatores
responsáveis pela crescente produção de resíduos urbanos a nível global. Tendo em vista a
minimização dos impactes ambientais associados à mesma, as metas de recolha e tratamento
de resíduos, assentes na legislação comunitária e nacional têm sido reforçadas de ano para
ano. Destas, destaca-se a introdução da obrigatoriedade de recolha seletiva de novas fileiras
de resíduos, pela nova Diretiva Quadros de Resíduos, nomeadamente de frações de resíduos
perigosos produzidos pelas habitações, a entrar em vigor a 1 de janeiro de 2025. Para o seu
cumprimento, existiu a necessidade de projeção e implementação de alternativas de recolha
seletiva por parte das autarquias, que se coadunem com os objetivos mencionados, nas quais
se insere o projeto piloto de ecocentro móvel, desenvolvido pelo município de Cascais.
Trata-se de um projeto pioneiro a nível nacional, tendo em conta a componente móvel
a si associada e os fluxos de resíduos aceites para deposição, assente num sistema de recolha
seletiva, cuja taxa de participação é dos principais fatores ao seu sucesso. Implica, por isso,
mudanças, seja em termos da rede operacional de recolha de resíduos do município, como
dos comportamentos de reciclagem da população alvo. Assim, pelo seu caráter inovador, é de
interesse a sua avaliação, nas várias componentes que o integram, servindo como referência à
sua ampliação ou ao desenvolvimento de projetos semelhantes por autarquias vizinhas.
Para isso, definiram-se indicadores para cada uma das categorias de análise (operacio-
nal, ambiental, social e económica), cujos processos de recolha de dados assentaram em ob-
servações diretas, visitas técnicas às entidades responsáveis, e na realização de um inquérito
por questionários aos munícipes, utilizadores e não utilizadores do projeto piloto.
Pela sua análise, apresentam-se e discutem-se os fatores críticos ao sucesso deste sistema
de recolha, dos quais se destacam: a necessidade de averiguar, em estudo prévio, a produção
deste tipo resíduos na autarquia, tendo em vista a projeção adequada da infraestrutura móvel;
a acessibilidade e visibilidade dos locais escolhidos para a colocação da mesma; as platafor-
mas utilizadas para a sua divulgação, tendo em conta, a caracterização da população alvo; a
importância da partilha de informação detalhada acerca dos resíduos aceites pelo projeto.
Nesse seguimento, realizou-se uma análise SWOT à operacionalização do projeto piloto, com
o intuito de identificar os seus pontos fortes, fraquezas, ameaças e oportunidades.
Por se tratar de um projeto piloto, cuja avaliação envolve o contacto direto com o público
alvo, e dada a situação de pandemia vivenciada em Portugal na sua fase de estudo, os resul-
tados obtidos devem ser analisados com as devidas reservas e contextualização.
The economic and population growth, associated with changes in the quality of life and consumption of goods by the common citizen, are considered the main factors responsible for the growing production of urban waste at a global level. In order to minimize the environ- mental impacts associated with it, the waste collection and treatment targets, based on com- munity and national legislation, have been reinforced from year to year. Of these, stands out the introduction of the mandatory selective collection for new rows of waste, by the new Eu- ropean Union's Waste Framework Directive, namely for fractions of hazardous waste pro- duced by households, to be enforced on January 1, 2025. As such, there was a need to project and implement alternatives for selective collection by the municipalities, in which the mobile disposal center pilot project, developed by the municipality of Cascais, is included. This is a pioneer project at national level, taking accounting to the mobile component associated with it and the waste flows accepted for disposal, based on a selective collection system, whose participation rate is one of the main factors for its success. Specifically, it im- plies changes: both in terms of the operational waste collection network in the municipality; and in the recycling behavior of the target population. Therefore, due to its innovative nature, it is of paramount interest to evaluate the vari- ous components that comprise it, serving as a reference for its expansion or the development of similar projects by neighboring municipalities. To this end, indicators were defined for each of the categories of analysis (operational, environmental, social and economic), whose data collection processes were based on direct observations, technical visits to the responsible entities, and the carrying out of a survey to citizens, users and non-users of the pilot project. Through its analysis, the critical factors for the success of this collection system are pre- sented and discussed, of which the following stand out: the need to investigate, in a previous study, the production of this type of waste in the municipality, with a view to the adequate projection of the disposal center infrastructure; the accessibility and visibility of the places chosen for its placement; the platforms used for its publicity, taking into account the charac- teristics of the target population; the importance of sharing detailed information about the waste accepted by the project. In this follow-up, a SWOT analysis of the operationalization of the pilot project was carried out, to identify its strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities.
The economic and population growth, associated with changes in the quality of life and consumption of goods by the common citizen, are considered the main factors responsible for the growing production of urban waste at a global level. In order to minimize the environ- mental impacts associated with it, the waste collection and treatment targets, based on com- munity and national legislation, have been reinforced from year to year. Of these, stands out the introduction of the mandatory selective collection for new rows of waste, by the new Eu- ropean Union's Waste Framework Directive, namely for fractions of hazardous waste pro- duced by households, to be enforced on January 1, 2025. As such, there was a need to project and implement alternatives for selective collection by the municipalities, in which the mobile disposal center pilot project, developed by the municipality of Cascais, is included. This is a pioneer project at national level, taking accounting to the mobile component associated with it and the waste flows accepted for disposal, based on a selective collection system, whose participation rate is one of the main factors for its success. Specifically, it im- plies changes: both in terms of the operational waste collection network in the municipality; and in the recycling behavior of the target population. Therefore, due to its innovative nature, it is of paramount interest to evaluate the vari- ous components that comprise it, serving as a reference for its expansion or the development of similar projects by neighboring municipalities. To this end, indicators were defined for each of the categories of analysis (operational, environmental, social and economic), whose data collection processes were based on direct observations, technical visits to the responsible entities, and the carrying out of a survey to citizens, users and non-users of the pilot project. Through its analysis, the critical factors for the success of this collection system are pre- sented and discussed, of which the following stand out: the need to investigate, in a previous study, the production of this type of waste in the municipality, with a view to the adequate projection of the disposal center infrastructure; the accessibility and visibility of the places chosen for its placement; the platforms used for its publicity, taking into account the charac- teristics of the target population; the importance of sharing detailed information about the waste accepted by the project. In this follow-up, a SWOT analysis of the operationalization of the pilot project was carried out, to identify its strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
avaliação ecocentro móvel indicadores resíduos urbanos