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AVALIAÇÃO DO CICLO DE VIDA DE UM NOVO SUPERPLASTIFICANTE DE ORIGEM RENOVÁVEL
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Tem-se assistido, nos últimos anos, a uma crescente preocupação com as alterações climáticas, tendo
o tema assumido proporções tais que levou à adopção do Acordo de Paris em 2015, que estipulou a
necessidade de alcançar a neutralidade carbónica até 2050, fomentando a mobilização de esforços
globais para a redução da emissão de gases com efeito de estufa (GEE). No caso do governo
português foi desenvolvido o Roteiro para a Neutralidade Carbónica 2050 (RNC2050), onde foram
identificados sectores-chave da economia e a trajectória a adoptar para atingir estes fins, definindo-se
como estratégias, em qualquer sector, a utilização de fontes de energia renovável, o aumento da
eficiência de processos e a circularidade/valorização dos recursos naturais, ou seja, um aumento da
sustentabilidade. De acordo com o roteiro, um dos factores essenciais para a descarbonização do
sector industrial será a captura e armazenamento de carbono, a ser investigada no sector dos cimentos
também através da valorização e produção de produtos de base florestal/renovável, que contribuem
de forma directa para a redução de emissões através da sequestração de CO2, já que o absorvem da
atmosfera pelo crescimento das plantas, e de forma indirecta, visto que o mantêm armazenado durante
o seu uso. Esta tese foi integrada na estrutura de Investigação e Desenvolvimento (I&D) do c5Lab, o
laboratório colaborativo criado com o intuito de descarbonizar a indústria cimenteira nacional no
contexto do Acordo de Paris, mais especificamente no WP4, Work Package 4, que tem na sua génese
a síntese de Superplastificantes (SP’s) de origem renovável (X1, X2 e X3). Os SP’s são compostos que
reduzem fortemente a quantidade de água necessária no fabrico de betão, e que têm a vantagem
adicional de o tornar mais resistente à compressão. Este trabalho elaborou a Avaliação de Ciclo de
Vida (ACV) da produção industrial de um 1 kg do novo polímero superplastificante de base renovável,
previamente sintetizado em laboratório. A ACV é uma metodologia que tem como objectivo a avaliação
do impacto ambiental associado a um produto ou serviço ao longo do seu ciclo de vida. Sabendo, a
priori, que os SP’s existentes no mercado são exclusivamente fabricados com matérias-primas
derivadas da indústria petrolífera, as quais impactam fortemente o ambiente, o presente estudo
calculou os potenciais impactos ambientais da referida produção, para prematuramente avaliar se a
opção pela matéria-prima de base renovável escolhida fazia sentido em termos de performance
ambiental. Os resultados demonstram que esta escolha é altamente aconselhável.
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about climate change, with the topic taking on such proportions that it led to the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, which stipulated the need to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, encouraging the mobilization of global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the case of the Portuguese government, the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050 (RNC2050) was developed, in which key sectors of the economy were identified and also the trajectory to be adopted to achieve these ends, having been defined as strategies, in any sector, the use of renewable energy sources, increased process efficiency and circularity/valorization of natural resources. i.e., the increase of sustainability. According to the roadmap, one of the essential factors for the decarbonization of the industrial sector will be carbon capture and storage, to be investigated in the cement sector also through the valorization and production of forest-based/renewable-based products. They contribute directly to the reduction of emissions through CO2 sequestration, since they absorb it from the atmosphere due to the growth of plants, and indirectly, as they keep it stored during the timeframe that those products are in use. This thesis was integrated into the Research and Development (R&D) structure of c5Lab, the collaborative laboratory created with the aim of decarbonizing the national cement industry in the Paris Agreement context, more specifically in WP4, Work Package 4, whose genesis is the synthesis of Superplasticizers (SPs) of renewable origin (X1, X2 and X3). SPs are compounds that strongly reduce the amount of water needed in the manufacture of concrete, and which have the additional advantage of making it more resistant to compression. This work elaborated the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the industrial production of 1 kg of a new superplasticizer polymer of renewable origin, previously synthesized in laboratory. LCA is a technique aimed at assessing the environmental impact associated with a product or service throughout its life cycle. Knowing, a priori, that the existing SPs on the market are exclusively manufactured with raw materials derived from the oil industry, which strongly impact the environment, the present study calculated the potential environmental impacts of the aforementioned production, in order to prematurely evaluate if the option for the chosen raw material from renewable basis made sense in terms of environmental performance. The results demonstrate that this choice is highly recommended.
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about climate change, with the topic taking on such proportions that it led to the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, which stipulated the need to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, encouraging the mobilization of global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the case of the Portuguese government, the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050 (RNC2050) was developed, in which key sectors of the economy were identified and also the trajectory to be adopted to achieve these ends, having been defined as strategies, in any sector, the use of renewable energy sources, increased process efficiency and circularity/valorization of natural resources. i.e., the increase of sustainability. According to the roadmap, one of the essential factors for the decarbonization of the industrial sector will be carbon capture and storage, to be investigated in the cement sector also through the valorization and production of forest-based/renewable-based products. They contribute directly to the reduction of emissions through CO2 sequestration, since they absorb it from the atmosphere due to the growth of plants, and indirectly, as they keep it stored during the timeframe that those products are in use. This thesis was integrated into the Research and Development (R&D) structure of c5Lab, the collaborative laboratory created with the aim of decarbonizing the national cement industry in the Paris Agreement context, more specifically in WP4, Work Package 4, whose genesis is the synthesis of Superplasticizers (SPs) of renewable origin (X1, X2 and X3). SPs are compounds that strongly reduce the amount of water needed in the manufacture of concrete, and which have the additional advantage of making it more resistant to compression. This work elaborated the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the industrial production of 1 kg of a new superplasticizer polymer of renewable origin, previously synthesized in laboratory. LCA is a technique aimed at assessing the environmental impact associated with a product or service throughout its life cycle. Knowing, a priori, that the existing SPs on the market are exclusively manufactured with raw materials derived from the oil industry, which strongly impact the environment, the present study calculated the potential environmental impacts of the aforementioned production, in order to prematurely evaluate if the option for the chosen raw material from renewable basis made sense in terms of environmental performance. The results demonstrate that this choice is highly recommended.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Neutralidade Carbónica Gases com Efeito de Estufa Captura e Armazenamento de Carbono Sector dos Cimentos Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida Superplastificante