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RECOLHA SELETIVA TRI FLUXO E BIORRESIDUOS – Benchmarking Europeu, Balanço, Impactos, Estratégia e Prospetiva 2030
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A afetação das novas metas de reciclagem, recolha seletiva de embalagens e resíduos de embalagens (Multimaterial 3F ou Trifluxo) e de biorresíduos, bem como o desvio de ater-ro de resíduos biodegradáveis traduzem-se num salto quantitativo e qualitativo exigente, sendo um desafio muito ambicioso num prazo muito curto, com fortes impactos diretos e indiretos.
Na elaboração da presente dissertação, recorreu-se a uma revisão da literatura alar-gada tanto a nível legislativo nacional como do benchmarking (boas práticas) europeu, sem esquecer a nova Diretiva Quadro de Resíduos suportada em princípios de Economia Circular. Conhecidas as exigências resultantes deste novo paradigma com influência no cumprimento, com sucesso, das novas metas a que Portugal continental está vinculado, abordam-se os im-pactos previsíveis e as estratégias a concretizar dentro da legítima expectativa quanto ao pa-pel futuro dos Sistemas de Gestão de Resíduos Urbanos e dos Municípios nesta matéria e, como estas entidades se vão articular dentro das respetivas esferas de competência.
Suportados na caracterização das estratégias e das vantagens e desvantagens avalia-das com base nos pressupostos considerados, efetua-se um estudo de caso através de uma análise comparativa em termos da operacionalização de soluções propostas por dois SGRU identificados com diferentes opções de intervenção. Para esta análise selecionaram-se do respetivo universo dois municípios representativos com área predominantemente urbana (APU), que já se encontram alinhados com as estratégias concertadas com as respetivas enti-dades gestoras em alta, responsáveis pela governança do tratamento e valorização da fração biodegradável.
Ponderados os resultados estimados e efetuada uma análise critica e SWOT sobre es-tes, concluiu-se que o cumprimento das metas em 2030 e 2035 terão elevadas exigências, se-não um eventual incumprimento, cuja perceção atempada pode justificar um pedido de der-rogação das metas, passível de ser solicitada por Portugal junto da comissão europeia.
The allocation of the new recycling targets, selective collection of packaging and pack-aging waste (Tri-flow) and bio-waste, as well as the diversion of landfill of biodegradable waste translate into a demanding quantitative and qualitative leap, a very challenging with a very long term, with strong direct and undirects impacts. In the preparation of this dissertation, a review of the literature was used both legisla-tive and benchmarking national and european level, as well as on the framework of the new paradigm resulting from the new Waste Framework Directive supported by principles of a true Circular Economy. After known as variables and requirements resulting from the framework made and identified the current state of art with influence on the performance of the success of the goals that mainland Portugal is linked, they approached as strategies to adopt within the expectation as the future of the Urban Waste Management Systems and the municipalities in this matter and, as entities will articulate within the spheres of competence. For this purpose, a technical-economic comparative analysis was carried out on the op-erationalization of the intervention proposals in two SGRU with different intervention solu-tions, namely the multi-municipal system of AMARSUL and the intermunicipal system TRATOLIXO. For this comparative analysis, the municipality of Setúbal and Cascais were selected from the universe of those Urban Waste Management Systems, already aligned with the strategies agreed with the respective management entities in high, responsible for the governance of the treatment and valorization of the biodegradable fraction. Supported by the characterization of the strategies and advantages and disadvantages evaluated, as well as weighted through a critical analysis of the factors and indicators pro-posed, it was concluded the difficulty at national level of the targets required by 2030 and 2035, a fact that may eventually require a request for a derogation of targets, which can be requested by Portugal from the European Commission.
The allocation of the new recycling targets, selective collection of packaging and pack-aging waste (Tri-flow) and bio-waste, as well as the diversion of landfill of biodegradable waste translate into a demanding quantitative and qualitative leap, a very challenging with a very long term, with strong direct and undirects impacts. In the preparation of this dissertation, a review of the literature was used both legisla-tive and benchmarking national and european level, as well as on the framework of the new paradigm resulting from the new Waste Framework Directive supported by principles of a true Circular Economy. After known as variables and requirements resulting from the framework made and identified the current state of art with influence on the performance of the success of the goals that mainland Portugal is linked, they approached as strategies to adopt within the expectation as the future of the Urban Waste Management Systems and the municipalities in this matter and, as entities will articulate within the spheres of competence. For this purpose, a technical-economic comparative analysis was carried out on the op-erationalization of the intervention proposals in two SGRU with different intervention solu-tions, namely the multi-municipal system of AMARSUL and the intermunicipal system TRATOLIXO. For this comparative analysis, the municipality of Setúbal and Cascais were selected from the universe of those Urban Waste Management Systems, already aligned with the strategies agreed with the respective management entities in high, responsible for the governance of the treatment and valorization of the biodegradable fraction. Supported by the characterization of the strategies and advantages and disadvantages evaluated, as well as weighted through a critical analysis of the factors and indicators pro-posed, it was concluded the difficulty at national level of the targets required by 2030 and 2035, a fact that may eventually require a request for a derogation of targets, which can be requested by Portugal from the European Commission.
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SGRU Municípios Metas Benchmarking Recolha Seletiva Trifluxo Recolha Seletiva de Biorresíduos