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Desigualdades sociais em saúde nos idosos : um retrato para Portugal
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RESUMO - Contexto: As desigualdades sociais em saúde são uma questão central de justiça social. No
contexto de forte envelhecimento populacional em Portugal, as desigualdades nos idosos
representam um desafio crucial para o futuro, sobre as quais existe pouca evidência. Este
estudo pretende investigar a existência de desigualdades socioeconómicas em saúde nos
idosos, em Portugal.
Metodologia: Foram utilizados os dados para Portugal, da quarta vaga do Survey of Health,
Ageing and Retirement in Europe. O estudo engloba 2017 indivíduos com 50 ou mais anos.
Foram utilizados quatro indicadores de saúde: problemas de saúde, saúde auto-reportada,
doenças de longa duração e atividade limitada. Foi utilizado o nível de educação como
indicador socioeconómico. As desigualdades socioeconómicas foram avaliadas através de
regressões logísticas multivariadas.
Resultados: Existem desigualdades socioeconómicas em saúde nos idosos favoráveis aos
mais educados. Os indivíduos com menor educação estão em maior risco de reportar má
saúde (OR=5,5); maior risco em ter problemas de saúde, existindo um gradiente social na
Hipertensão Arterial (OR=2,4) e na Artrite (OR=7,0); maior risco de doenças de longa
duração (OR=1,6) e maior risco de limitação nas atividades diárias (OR=5,1). As
desigualdades socioeconómicas diminuem com a idade.
Conclusão: De forma a melhorar a saúde e reduzir as desigualdades socioeconómicas em
saúde nos idosos, os resultados apontam para a necessidade de implementar medidas no
âmbito dos problemas de saúde em que existe um gradiente social, melhorar o nível de
educação da população geral e implementar medidas de educação para a saúde, aumentando a
literacia em saúde nos idosos mais jovens.
ABSTRACT - Background: Socio-economic inequalities in health are a central question of social justice. In the context of intense population ageing in Portugal, health inequalities among the elderly represents a crucial challenge for the future, although there is slight evidence about. This study aims to investigate the presence of socio-economic inequalities in health among the elderly in Portugal. Methods: Data from the fourth wave of Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, concerning Portugal, were used. The study comprised 2017 individuals aged 50 years or over. Four health indicators were used: health issues, self-reported health, long-term illness and limited activities. The level of education was used as a socio-economic indicator. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate socio-economic inequalities. Results: Socio-economic health inequalities among the elderly favouring the more educated was confirmed. The individuals with lower levels of education are at great risk of reporting poor health (OR=5,5); greater risk of having health issues, with the evidence of a social gradient in Arterial Hypertension (OR=2,4) and Arthritis (OR=7,0); greater risk of long-term illness (OR=1,6) and greater risk of limitation on daily basis activities (OR=5,1). Socioeconomic inequalities decline with age. Conclusions: In order to improve health and reduce socio-economic inequalities in health among the elderly, the results indicate the need to implement measures within the scope of health issues in which social gradient exists, to improve the general population’s educational status and to implement measures on health education in order to improve health literacy among the young elderly.
ABSTRACT - Background: Socio-economic inequalities in health are a central question of social justice. In the context of intense population ageing in Portugal, health inequalities among the elderly represents a crucial challenge for the future, although there is slight evidence about. This study aims to investigate the presence of socio-economic inequalities in health among the elderly in Portugal. Methods: Data from the fourth wave of Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, concerning Portugal, were used. The study comprised 2017 individuals aged 50 years or over. Four health indicators were used: health issues, self-reported health, long-term illness and limited activities. The level of education was used as a socio-economic indicator. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate socio-economic inequalities. Results: Socio-economic health inequalities among the elderly favouring the more educated was confirmed. The individuals with lower levels of education are at great risk of reporting poor health (OR=5,5); greater risk of having health issues, with the evidence of a social gradient in Arterial Hypertension (OR=2,4) and Arthritis (OR=7,0); greater risk of long-term illness (OR=1,6) and greater risk of limitation on daily basis activities (OR=5,1). Socioeconomic inequalities decline with age. Conclusions: In order to improve health and reduce socio-economic inequalities in health among the elderly, the results indicate the need to implement measures within the scope of health issues in which social gradient exists, to improve the general population’s educational status and to implement measures on health education in order to improve health literacy among the young elderly.
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Desigualdades socioeconómicas Educação Saúde Idosos Portugal SHARE Socio-economic inequalities Education Health Elderly Portugal SHARE