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A Influência da Qualidade da Água Bruta e o Consumo de energia de uma ETA
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Para que a água seja própria para consumo humano, é necessário que haja diversos
processos que consomem consideráveis quantidades de energia, com o propósito
de fornecer água segura e de qualidade à população. O consumo energético
associado ao abastecimento de água é um dos aspetos mais críticos a serem
geridos. As variações na qualidade da água afluente à ETA podem exercer uma
influência direta sobre o desempenho desta condicionando, por isso, o consumo
de energia associado.
O objetivo principal deste estudo foi detalhar e avaliar o consumo global de energia
associado a uma ETA, estabelecendo correlações entre esse consumo com a
qualidade da água bruta. Essa energia pode ser categorizada em duas
componentes distintos: a energia direta, relacionada com operações e processos
internos e a energia indireta, que abrange a produção e transporte de reagentes
químicos, além da produção e transporte de lamas.
Para conduzir essa avaliação, selecionou-se um caso de estudo - ETA da Apartadura
(ETAA), situada no concelho de Portalegre. Essa ETA capta a água na albufeira da
Apartadura, localizada na ribeira de Reveladas, um afluente pertencente à Bacia
Hidrográfica do Tejo.
Para determinar a energia que a ETA consome teve-se em consideração a energia
direta, que corresponde à eletricidade, e a energia indireta, relativa ao consumo
associado aos reagentes químicos utilizados, bem como à produção e transporte
de lamas. Posteriormente, foi feita uma avaliação da qualidade da água bruta,
através de métodos estatísticos, mais concretamente através de uma análise de
correlação de Pearson e regressão linear.
Ao analisar os resultados, e como já era esperado, verificou-se a existência de
relações entre a energia e a qualidade da água. Estas relações são, essencialmente,
devido ao uso de reagentes. No que respeita à energia total consumida, a ETA da
Apartadura apresentou cerca de 54% de energia indireta e 46% da energia direta, o
que demonstrou que grande parte da energia consumida foi devida à escolha e uso
dos reagentes utilizados. Além desta análise de resultados, também foi efetuada
uma comparação com o estudo feito para outra ETA, com o intuito de verificar se
existia, ou não, alguma correlação entre elas, e perceber quais os motivos do
grande consumo de energia indireta.
In order for water to be fit for human consumption, it is necessary to carry out various processes that consume considerable amounts of energy, with the aim to provide a safe, high-quality water supply to the population. The energy consumption associated with water supply is one of the most critical aspects to be managed. Variations in the quality of the water flowing into the WTP can have a direct influence on its performance, which conditions the associated energy consumption. The main objective of this study was to detail and evaluate the overall energy consumption associated with a WTP, establishing correlations between this consumption and the quality of the raw water. This energy can be categorized into two distinct components: direct energy, related to internal operations and processes, and indirect energy, which covers the consumption and transport of chemical reagents, as well as the production and transport of solid waste. To conduct this assessment, a case study was selected - Apartadura WTP, located in the municipality of Portalegre. This WTP collects water from the Apartadura reservoir, located on the Reveladas stream, a tributary of the Tagus River Basin. To determine the energy consumed by the WTP, it was taken into account the direct energy, which corresponds to electricity, as well as indirect energy, relating to the consumption associated with the chemical reagents used, and the production and transportation of sludge. Subsequently, the quality of the raw water was assessed using statistical methods, specifically Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression. Analyzing the results, as expected, revealed a relationship between energy and water quality. These relationships are essentially due to the use of reagents. Regarding the total energy consumed, the Apartadura WTP had around 54% indirect energy and 46% direct energy, which showed that a large part of the energy consumed was due to the choice and use of the reagents used. In addition to this analysis of results, a comparison was also made with the study carried out for another WTP, in order to see whether or not there was any correlation between them, and to understand the reasons for the high consumption of indirect energy.
In order for water to be fit for human consumption, it is necessary to carry out various processes that consume considerable amounts of energy, with the aim to provide a safe, high-quality water supply to the population. The energy consumption associated with water supply is one of the most critical aspects to be managed. Variations in the quality of the water flowing into the WTP can have a direct influence on its performance, which conditions the associated energy consumption. The main objective of this study was to detail and evaluate the overall energy consumption associated with a WTP, establishing correlations between this consumption and the quality of the raw water. This energy can be categorized into two distinct components: direct energy, related to internal operations and processes, and indirect energy, which covers the consumption and transport of chemical reagents, as well as the production and transport of solid waste. To conduct this assessment, a case study was selected - Apartadura WTP, located in the municipality of Portalegre. This WTP collects water from the Apartadura reservoir, located on the Reveladas stream, a tributary of the Tagus River Basin. To determine the energy consumed by the WTP, it was taken into account the direct energy, which corresponds to electricity, as well as indirect energy, relating to the consumption associated with the chemical reagents used, and the production and transportation of sludge. Subsequently, the quality of the raw water was assessed using statistical methods, specifically Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression. Analyzing the results, as expected, revealed a relationship between energy and water quality. These relationships are essentially due to the use of reagents. Regarding the total energy consumed, the Apartadura WTP had around 54% indirect energy and 46% direct energy, which showed that a large part of the energy consumed was due to the choice and use of the reagents used. In addition to this analysis of results, a comparison was also made with the study carried out for another WTP, in order to see whether or not there was any correlation between them, and to understand the reasons for the high consumption of indirect energy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Qualidade da água Água Eletricidade Energia Estação de Tratamento de Águas Energia Direta